Moving To Opportunity was a national program that paid to relocate underserved inner-city families with at risk teens to more affluent suburban areas. Studies show that this program reduced delinquency in youth who were transplanted from the inner city to the suburbs. Explain whether social learning theory and general strain theory would each expect this program to be successful. Explain why or why not. Include an explanation of each theory in your answer. Cultural Deviance Theories
Cohen, Miller, Sykes & Matza, Akers

Sykes & Matzas
Techniques of Neutralization

Neutralizing criminal behavior allows them to engage in subcultural drift
Denial of Responsibility: It wasnt my fault
Denial of Injury: They could afford it
Denial of Victim: They had it coming
Condemning the Condemners: Youve done worse
Appeal to Higher Loyalties: My friend needed me

Subcultural Tradition
Cohens Middle Class Measuring Rod
3 Role Adjustments
College Boy
Rare, make it on own
Corner Boy
Graduate, blue collar
Delinquent Boy
Reject MC values, gang
Millers Focal Concern
Lower class focal concerns:
Trouble
Toughness
Autonomy
Smartness
Excitement
Fatalism

Principles of Differential Association (Sutherland)
Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other people in a process of communication
The learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups (not everyone in social environment will exert the same influence)
The learning process includes the techniques of committing the crime, and the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes
The specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of legal codes as favorable and unfavorable
A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law. Differential association may vary in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity
The process of learning criminal behavior incorporates all the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning
Although criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values, it is not explained by those needs and values because noncriminal behavior is an expression of the same needs and values

Social Learning Theory

Social Structure

Social Learning

Definitions

Differential Association

Imitation

Differential Reinforcement

Questions
What crimes would SLT be good at explaining? Not good?

Why is crime reinforcing? Why does it continue after people get caught?

image1.jpeg Mertons Modes of Adaptation

General Strain Theory

Strain

Failure to Achieve Goal

Presentation of Noxious Stimulus

Negative Affect

Anger

Frustration

Coping Strategies

Cognitive

Emotional

Loss of Positive Stimulus

Fear

Depression

Behavioral

image1.jpeg

SHOW MORE…

SPT 512 – Module 8 Proposal

Instructions
Using the information you found in 8-1 Discussion: Physical Education Requirements, prepare a grant proposal for a program you think the physical education department could benefit from. The grant would cover costs up to $100,000. You can use the article “Grant Proposals (or Give Me the Money!)” as a guide on developing your proposal. Be sure to use at least three resources in your literature review. Your proposal should be 4-7 pages.
For additional details, please refer to the Grant Proposal Guidelines and Rubric PDFdocument.

Article: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/grant-proposals-or-give-me-the-money/

Grant Proposal Guidelines and Rubric

Requirements of submission: Your grant proposal should be 4-7 pages and should include at least three resources in the literature review. It
should also follow these formatting guidelines: double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and citations in APA format.

Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (90%) Needs Improvement (70%) Not Evident (0%) Value

Main Elements Includes almost all of the main
elements and requirements
and cites multiple examples to
illustrate each element

Includes most of the main
elements and requirements and
cites many examples to illustrate
each element

Includes some of the main
elements and requirements

Does not include any of the
main elements and
requirements

25

Budget Includes a detailed proposed
budget of $100,000 or less

Includes a proposed budget of
$100,000 or less

Includes a limited budget
and proposed budget goes
over $100,000

Does not include a budget or
proposed budget goes over
$100,000

20

Integration and
Application

All of the course concepts are
correctly applied

Most of the course concepts are
correctly applied

Some of the course concepts
are correctly applied

Does not correctly apply any
of the course concepts

10

Critical Thinking Demonstrates comprehensive
exploration of issues and ideas
before accepting or forming an
opinion or conclusion

Demonstrates moderate
exploration of issues and ideas
before accepting or forming an
opinion or conclusion

Demonstrates minimal
exploration of issues and
ideas before accepting or
forming an opinion or
conclusion

Does not demonstrate
exploration of issues and
ideas before accepting or
forming an opinion or
conclusion

20

Research Incorporates many scholarly
resources effectively that
reflect depth and breadth of
research

Incorporates some scholarly
resources effectively that reflect
depth and breadth of research

Incorporates very few
scholarly resources that
reflect depth and breadth of
research

Does not incorporate
scholarly resources that
reflect depth and breadth of
research

15

Writing
(Mechanics/Citations)

No errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations

Minor errors related to
organization, grammar and style,
and citations

Some errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations

Major errors related to
organization, grammar and
style, and citations

10

Earned Total: 100

Grant Proposal Guidelines and Rubric Last school year I was a substitute teacher for the Franklin Township Public Schools. The schools within the district were no more than 15-25 minutes from my home. The decision to sub for PE was a no brainer, since I have a sport management degree. The curriculum is designed as an introduction and exploration of physical skills and concepts that promote healthy living and knowledge of lifetime activities (Health and Physical Education, 2022). During the previous school year Covid-19 was still a major topic. I noticed at Franklin Township Highschool, they did not have PE the same as in other schools such as elementary and middle school. Franklin Township Highschool is a large school which is why the gymnasium would be divided between different classes. At the elementary and middle school levels, there was more of an emphasis on getting the students active. The vision of health and fitness classes at Franklin Township has four key steps (Health and Physical Education, 2022):
The curriculum is designed as an introduction and exploration of physical skills and concepts that promote healthy living and knowledge of lifetime activities.
Establish fitness goals, monitor progress and revise programs as needed.
Increase muscular strength, aerobic capacity, flexibility, and self image.
Develop a deep understanding of healthy nutritional habits.
From my time in the district, I believe that in elementary and middle school they are doing a great job of keeping the students active. The PE classes at Franklin are inclusive and creative, specifically at the Claremont Elementary school. There I shadowed one of the PE instructors during my period of orientation. I saw first hand how he engaged with the students, also how the activities that were presented made them want to participate. I believe in high school it should be required like the website states. It could be different during a post covid world, during my stint there I saw no activity by the students.