Health Promotion & Disease Prevention in Older Adults

  

After studying Module 2: Lecture Materials & Resources, discuss the following:

Describe and discuss the nurses role in health promotion and disease prevention in older adults. Share an example from your personal experience as a RN.
Name and elaborate on at least three screening/preventive procedure that must be done in older adults.
Define and discuss three common End-of-life documents that you as nurse must be familiar with to be able to educate older adults.

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Submission Instructions:

You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts.Your reply posts are worth 2 points (1 point per response.)

Respond to at least two of your peers by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to their posts.

Jessica Rincon
St. Thomas University
NUR 417 AP2
Prof. Yedelis Diaz
10/25/2022

Role of Nurses in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion in Older Adults
Healthy aging and health promotion behaviors among older adults are strongly related to self-efficacy (Wu & Sheng, 2019). However, most older people struggle with self-efficacy due to economic, social, and environmental factors, leading to poor health outcomes. From this perspective, nurses have the primary role of promoting self-efficacy among older adults. One of the strategies to achieve this outcome is advocacy. According to Lecture Notes (Slide 28), older adults are able to continue to control their lives with the help of nurses advocacy.
For instance, nurses can advocate for the allocation of more resources toward social support programs for older adults. Wu & Sheng (2019) argue that social support from friends and neighbors of older adults is more impactful on their healthy aging and self-efficacy compared to family support. Hence, nurses should be at the forefront in fighting for adequate resources for such programs as a way of disease prevention and health promotion in older adults. Nurses should also make recommendations and encourage older adults they interact with to join available social support programs within their communities. I make such recommendations at work every time I see an older adult receiving little support from family due to the positive health outcomes I have noticed in those that have similar characteristics but have benefited from being part of such programs.
Screening/Preventive Procedures for Older Adults
Caring for older adults is often complex due to comorbidities and concurrent factors that influence their health outcomes. This makes preventive or screening procedures critical in caring for them. Some of the procedures include screening for sensory impairments, screening for functional impairment, and fall-risk assessment (Seematter-Bagnoud & Bula, 2018). Screening for sensory impairments mainly involves assessing visual and hearing abilities, as these factors rank high on geriatric impairments. Sensory impairments have adverse implications on cognitive functioning, psychological well-being, and fall risks (Seematter-Bagnoud & Bula, 2018). Screening for functional impairment assesses the ability of the older adult to perform usual day-to-day activities, predict future functional trajectory and obtain prognosis information. Lastly is fall risk assessment, which is performed for effective preventive interventions. According to Seematter-Bagnoud & Bula (2018), one in ten older adults have significant injuries every year as a result of falls. These injuries pose a serious threat to their functional independence, which, in turn, impedes self-efficacy and healthy aging.
Common End-of-life Documents Nurses must Familiarize Themselves with
Power of attorney is a common end-of-life document nurses must familiarize themselves with when caring for older adults. This is a document that identifies the agent to make health care decisions on behalf of a person when it comes to a point that they are unable to (Lecture Notes, Slide 22). Another important document is Do not resuscitate (DNR). According to Bloomer et al. (2018), the document gives care providers guidelines on what to do during the last stages of an older adults life, such as in the event of a cardiac arrest or when the heart stops beating. Lastly, these documents or wishes can be included in a general one referred to as advance directives. Advance directives are instructions written when the patient is competent enough to make decisions and communicate (Douplat et al., 2019). Nurses then rely on such directives to provide care when the patient is in a vegetative state. The importance of knowing these documents for nurses is for ease of decision-making during end-of-life care, which is usually characterized by many complexities.

References
Bloomer, M. J., Botti, M., Runacres, F., Poon, P., Barnfield, J., & Hutchinson, A. M. (2018). Communicating end-of-life care goals and decision-making among a multidisciplinary geriatric inpatient rehabilitation team: A qualitative descriptive study.
Palliative medicine,
32(10), 1615-1623.

Douplat, M., Berthiller, J., Schott, A. M., Potinet, V., Le Coz, P., Tazarourte, K., & Jacquin, L. (2019). Difficulty of the decisionmaking process in emergency departments for endoflife patients.
Journal of evaluation in clinical practice,
25(6), 1193-1199.

Lecture Notes. (n.d.).
Chapter 7: Socioeconomic and Environmental Influences.

Seematter-Bagnoud, L., & Bla, C. (2018). Brief assessments and screening for geriatric conditions in older primary care patients: a pragmatic approach.
Public health reviews,
39(1), 1-13.

Wu, F., & Sheng, Y. (2019). Social support network, social support, self-efficacy, health-promoting behavior and healthy aging among older adults: A pathway analysis.
Archives of gerontology and geriatrics,
85, 103934.

Daniela Abreu Abreu
St Thomas University
NUR 417
Instructor: Yedelis Diaz
Date: 10/25/2022

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Nurses are the middlemen for health promotion and the implementation of health promotion, health protection, and preventive services. Nurses are trained to treat each patient with an individualized approach by creating a plan that caters to that patients healthcare needs. Education is a key component of the care plans that are implemented both formally in health promotion classes and informally during health care visits. Nurses are up to date with the latest recommendations and will work with older clients in deciding what health behaviors they would like to engage in.
As a nurse working at an outpatient endoscopy center, most of my work involves health promotion and disease prevention of colon cancer and other gastrointestinal diseases. Older adults often come into the facility in a bad mood due to the time they spent preparing for the procedure. Colonoscopies require 24-hour fasting and a solution that cleanses the colon. Those solutions usually are not tasteful and make the patient go to the restroom nonstop. Therefore, by the time the patient comes into the surgery center for the procedure, they are hungry and sometimes still nauseous from the colon prep solution. This horrible experience usually makes clients not want to ever come back to get their colon checked but we have to educate them on the importance of coming back when the doctor recommends them too. We also educate them on signs and symptoms that should prompt them to visit their gastroenterologist if they do arise.
Colorectal cancer screenings are recommended at age 50 for everyone. As per the CDC, screening can prevent colorectal cancer by allowing the removal of precancerous polyps before they develop into cancer. If everyone aged 50 and older were screened regularly, as many as 60 percent of deaths from colorectal cancer could be prevented (CDC 2019). When detected early and treated promptly, the five-year survival rate is 90 percent.
Another screening recommended for older adults is screening for breast cancer in women aged 40 to 64. This population of women accounted for 61 percent of all breast cancer cases. Mammography screening is a valuable early detection tool because it can identify breast cancer at an early stage, usually before physical symptoms or complications develop, and reduce mortality (CDC 2019). Breast cancer screening cannot prevent breast cancer, but it can help find breast cancer early when it is easier to treat. It is important to make sure your client knows which breast cancer screening tests are right for them, and when they should have them.
All women are at risk for cervical cancer, and it mainly affects women over age 30. Long-lasting infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. Pap smears and HPV screening tests can help early detection of cervical cancer. It is recommended that women 30-65 years of age get checked. By age 65 or older, if you have had normal results for several years, the doctor may tell you it is no longer necessary to screen for cervical cancer.
Nurses can guide caregivers and patients nearing the end of life by educating them on the three most common End-of-life documents: DNR, Living Will, and Advanced Health Directives. A DNR order is executed by a competent person indicating that if heartbeat and breathing cease, no attempts to restore them should be made and it must be signed by a Physician, Nurse Practitioner, or patient (state law dependent). A Living Will directs those extraordinary measures not to be used to artificially prolong life if recovery cannot reasonably be expected. These measures may be specified by patients or witnesses (state law dependent). Lastly, are the Advance Health Directive. This document explains a person’s wishes about treatment in the case of incompetency or inability to communicate. Often used in conjunction with a Health Care Proxy or Power of Attorney (Meiner, S.E., Yeager, J.J., 2019).

References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, AARP, American Medical Association. Promoting Preventive Services for Adults 50-64: Community and Clinical Partnerships. Atlanta, GA: National Association of Chronic Disease Directors; 2019.
Meiner, S., & Yeager, J. J. (2019). Gerontologic nursing(Fifth ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

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BUS5

Social Media in Business (BUS4415.E1)
Assignment 5, Worksheet

NAME: Type your name here

Please Save As this file and include your name in the file name before you upload to Moodle.

DIRECTIONS
In this exercise, you are going to apply what you learned from the materials and make platform-related recommendations for your four organizations that were approved during week one:
B2C company
B2B company
Non-Profit organization
Government organization

These recommendations will include:
Two social media platforms you recommend the organization actively manages including an explanation of why (on the why, please provide thoughtful rationale; using a generic statement like its where their target audience is is NOT sufficient).
A feature or capabilities youd like to see one of your actively managed platforms add or enhance that would be great for your organizations audience or the organization itself.
One social media platform that you recommend the organization passively manages (monitor or keep an eye on) or ignore (do nothing) and an explanation of why.

Follow the framework provided to make your platform-related recommendations.

Each of the four of your organizations is worth 25 points.

B2C (Business-to-Consumer)

Name of your company: McDonald’s.

RECOMMENDED ACTIVELY MANAGED PLATFORM #1

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

RECOMMENDED ACTIVELY MANAGED PLATFORM #2

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

A FEATURE OR CAPABILITY YOUD LIKE TO SEE ADDED TO ONE OF YOUR SUGGESTED PLATFORMS

Name of the Platform:

Short description of feature or capability you wish were provided and why:

RECOMMENDED PASSIVELY MANAGED OR IGNORED PLATFORM #1

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

B2B (Business-to-Business)

Name of your company: FedEx

RECOMMENDED ACTIVELY MANAGED PLATFORM #1

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

RECOMMENDED ACTIVELY MANAGED PLATFORM #2

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

A FEATURE OR CAPABILITY YOUD LIKE TO SEE ADDED TO ONE OF YOUR SUGGESTED PLATFORMS

Name of the Platform:

Short description of feature or capability you wish were provided and why:

RECOMMENDED PASSIVELY MANAGED OR IGNORED PLATFORM #1

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

Non-Profit

Name of your non-profit: : Americares foundation.

RECOMMENDED ACTIVELY MANAGED PLATFORM #1

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

RECOMMENDED ACTIVELY MANAGED PLATFORM #2

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

A FEATURE OR CAPABILITY YOUD LIKE TO SEE ADDED TO ONE OF YOUR SUGGESTED PLATFORMS

Name of the Platform:

Short description of feature or capability you wish were provided and why:

RECOMMENDED PASSIVELY MANAGED OR IGNORED PLATFORM #1

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

Government Organization

Name of your organization: Central Intelligence Agency

RECOMMENDED ACTIVELY MANAGED PLATFORM #1

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

RECOMMENDED ACTIVELY MANAGED PLATFORM #2

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

A FEATURE OR CAPABILITY YOUD LIKE TO SEE ADDED TO ONE OF YOUR SUGGESTED PLATFORMS

Name of the Platform:

Short description of feature or capability you wish were provided and why:

RECOMMENDED PASSIVELY MANAGED OR IGNORED PLATFORM #1

Name of the Platform:

Rationale for your recommendation (the why):

2

  

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