Innovation and risk-taking is part of a managers job. But sometimes hubris, which is excessive pride or overconfidence, might cause managers to make foolish mistakes. It is sometime difficult to distinguish between smart projects and foolish hubris-driven projects.
Googles founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, invested in a number of so-called moonshot projects in a special division of Google called X, sometimes called the Moonshot Factory accounted for as Other Projects in financial statements. The 8 most famous moonshot projects are listed in the article below:
https://www.entrepreneur.com/science-technology/8-of-the-coolest-projects-to-come-out-of-x-googles/326836Links to an external site.
Loon: using high altitude balloons for internet
Makani: using kites to harness wind for energy
Google Glass: eye glasses with a virtual reality display
Free Space Optics: using lasers to transmit internet
Waymo: self-driving cars
Wing: flying drones to deliver goods
Verily: smart contact lenses for medical diagnosis
Malta: energy storage using molten salt
In 2018, the two founders of Google stepped down as co-CEOs. The new CEO, Sundar Pichai, shut down a number of X projects within 18 months of becoming CEO.
Other Bets lost $4.8 billion in 2019, up from $3.4 billion in 2018. Google had revenues of $160 billion and $34 billion net income in 2019. A number of these projects, costing over $8 billion of investment, were shut down by the new CEO Sundar Pichai. Two examples of shutdown projects are listed below:
Makani:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsvK-7GNJZgLinks to an external site.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jilliandonfro/2020/02/18/alphabet-shutters-its-energy-kite-company-makani/?sh=2c2888e12b20Links to an external site.
Loon:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rfrgzVrRnwLinks to an external site.
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/21/alphabet-cancels-loon-project-to-beam-internet-to-earth-from-balloons.htmlLinks to an external site.
https://www.makeuseof.com/why-did-google-project-loon-fail/Links to an external site.
Some projects, like Waymo are still active and ongoing:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hA_-MkU0NfwLinks to an external site.
https://robbreport.com/motors/cars/waymos-decreased-30-billion-valuation-spells-trouble-for-the-company-2903848/Links to an external site.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhqtVoVIuRsLinks to an external site.
Waymo is valued at $30 billion, but used to be valued at $200 billion value has dropped as the difficulties of self-driving cars has slowed implementation. Waymo is currently trialing its technology in San Francisco.
Question: Do you think that the Loon and Manaki projects were high risk mistakes arising from the hubris of the original founders, or were they smart projects with high potential?
SHOW MORE…
Find Trends in Your Profession
Conduct Research to Identify Top Trends
First, review this
summary of the projectand open the
templatethat you will use for this project. The summary provides instructions and the timeline to submit your draft (at the end of Week 2) and your final paper (at the end of Week 3). The template is the “roadmap” for your paper and will guide you through the requirements to be successful.
In this step, you will
start with a planto find the information you need. This should enable you to
create a search strategyto find resources that will help you identify the top trends in your industry. Once you have identified the top trends, you will choose an issue in one of the three top trends and conduct more research to provide an analysis of the issue, its effect on the industry, and how an organization would address this issuewhether to avoid or make use of itto its own advantage.
A trend could be something well-known in the industry, a new development, or something you consider unrecognized or disputed. You will
conduct research for trendsto complete the first part of your project. Review resources that you find in periodicals, journals, newspapers, industry blogs, and other websites speciifc to the industry or area of study to find the best references to inform your choice of trends. Use industry-specific keywords, and take notes on your reading because you will be building on this research in the next step as you choose an issue within one of the trends.
Searching for relevant and timely sources and gathering citation details may take up to three hours. Remember that not all information that you find will be useful. It is important to
evaluate resourcesthat you find.
Once you decide what resources you will use to support your paper, be sure that you provide complete citations in APA format on a References page. For help, see the APA formatting resources in the
UMGC Library Citing and Writing Portal. Be diligent in your choices about the resources you choose. Here is an eight-minute video that will help you
set up your References page in APA style. Check out some
common examples of APA citationsalso available in the library.
After you have identified the top three trends in your industry, draft the first part of your paper using the project template. You will complete the cover sheet, write the introductory section, flesh out the headings for the rest of the paper, and add complete reference citiations for your resources on the References page. Submit your draft for review by the end of Week 2 and move on to the next step to investigate a specific issue.
Milestone
In the past, many students had to resubmit their papers for this project. We hope that a template will help organize the deliverables more efficiently. This milestone submission will provide an opportunity for ungraded feedback from your professor to ensure that you are off to a good start. Use the feedback to refine your trends section and inform practices for the issue section. By the end of Week 2, submit a draft of your paper with the following elements:
a complete cover sheet;
a section that introduces the industry, the top trends you identified, and the issue of interest that you will expand on in your final draft;
draft headings to organize the issue section; and
a draft References page. You will add more resources to this.
When you submit your draft for review, your professor will provide feedback on your trends section and the direction of the paper. The professor will also comment on citation formats so that you can master this requirement for your final draft. Use this feedback to improve and refine your work. If you have questions about the feedback, ask for clarification or request a call or a session on Zoom.
You can always rely on UMGC writing tutors for a review of your drafts for any project. You can leave a draft or schedule a live session by accessing
Tutoringon the
Resourcestab on the top navigation bar in the classroom.
Submit your draft to this assignment folder. It will
notbe graded, but you will receive feedback from your professor. While you wait for your feedback, continue research on the issue of interest, as described in Step 2. Choose an Issue to Research Further
You have now researched the top trends of your industry or area of study, and submitted a draft of the first section of your project. Now you will conduct research on an issue of interest within a trend or your industry in general that you think is noteworthy. But first we should review how you will
cite your sources accuratelyand
manage information ethically, giving credit where it is due.
Begin your review by completing
Module 3and
Module 4of UMGC’s Academic Integrity Tutorial. These lessons review how to write well with sources and develop authentic synthesis, and how to correctly attribute and cite others’ ideas. Mastering these skills is critical to your academic success.
Next, think of the issue of interest as a research problem, and consider drafting a simple
research questionor statement of the problem to inform your research and keep your focus tight. Remember: the more focused the question, the better your search results will be. Remember that in academic work, you will normally avoid normative or open-ended questions, which start with the words
shouldor
would, or any question that can be answered with a yes or a no.
It might help to think about the scientific method. You must first identify the problem. Then, when you have researched a bit more, you will form a reasonable assumption (a hypothesis) of a potential resolution or answer. You will look for more information that reflects different viewpoints on the issue and use analytical thinking to arrive at a well-reasoned conclusion. This conclusion may or may not bear out your original assumption; however, your goal is to arrive at an answer that is well-supported and based on facts. Remember, you are considering the impact of this issue on your industry, so your analysis may be a step toward a practical solution for your organization.
In the project scenario, you are trying to prepare your search committee to interview and select a senior leader for your organization. That team must be well-informed of the current and emerging state of the field. Choose an issue that has potential for great impact on the field. Your research should reveal if the question has already been answered or if there is enough information on the topic. Consider your
statement of the problemand ask yourself, “so what?” Will your answer contribute to knowledge about the issue you have selected?
Once you have chosen your issue and completed enough research to provide a well-reasoned answer or solution, move on to the next step, in which you will draft this section of your paper and begin the editing process for your final project. Writing Your Research Paper
In the previous two steps, you performed research, first to identify industry trends, and then for information about an issue in one of those trends that you consider to be important to your industry. Now it is time to draft your complete paper.
This would be a good time to review information on
organization in writing
and
paragraphs
. You might also want to check out the Effective Writing Center’s
Online Guide to Writing
, a valuable reference for improving your writing.
Your research paper should accomplish two objectives:
Identify the three top trends in your industry and your rationale for your choices, based on the resources you found.
Discuss the issue within one of the trends (or from the field of study) that you deem important, based on the current state of the industry. You will present your analysis of facts and a well-reasoned conclusion of how this issue affects the industry.
Your paper will be five to seven pages, not including your cover page and References page(s), double-spaced and set up in APA standard formatting.
It does not require an abstract.
Start with an outline and flesh out the main themes with supporting statements. This will become your roadmap to an organized paper. We recommend that you consider the primary components to
writing effectively
at any level. Draft, sleep on it, and edit. Consider this advice on
editing and revising
your work. This explanation on how you can move from
general to specific writing
may also be helpful.
Refer to
References and Citations
to ensure that you are using in-text citations to give credit for others’ ideas and to build your credibility as a researcher, neither ignoring sources nor quoting excessively. Your citations, both in-text and on the References page, should follow the APA citing and referencing resources in the
UMGC Library Citing and Writing Portal.
Use the left navigation menu to find additional information and examples.
After your complete paper is drafted and your citations are correct, read your paper out loud to catch any extra or missing words and to make sure that it makes sense. Better yet, ask a friend to read it; if someone has questions about what you mean, it’s likely that others will as well. Check Your Evaluation Criteria
Before you submit your assignment, review the competencies below, which your instructor will use to evaluate your work. A good practice would be to use each competency as a self-check to confirm you have incorporated all of them. To view the complete grading rubric, click My Tools, select Assignments from the drop-down menu, and then click the project title.
1.1: Organize document or presentation clearly in a manner that promotes understanding and meets the requirements of the assignment.
1.2: Develop coherent paragraphs or points so that each is internally unified and so that each functions as part of the whole document or presentation.
1.3: Provide sufficient, correctly cited support that substantiates the writer’s ideas.
1.4: Tailor communications to the audience.
1.5: Use sentence structure appropriate to the task, message and audience.
1.6: Follow conventions of Standard Written English.
2.1: Identify and clearly explain the issue, question, or problem under critical consideration.
2.2: Locate and access sufficient information to investigate the issue or problem.
2.3: Evaluate the information in a logical and organized manner to determine its value and relevance to the problem.
2.4: Consider and analyze information in context to the issue or problem.
2.5: Develop well-reasoned ideas, conclusions or decisions, checking them against relevant criteria and benchmarks. Creating your Trends Paper
Why is this important to you?
In this assignment, which spans two weeks, you will use research to identify three trends in your chosen
field or industry. You will apply your information literacy skills to locate and evaluate information, your
writing skills to form your own ideas on the trends, and your critical thinking skills to develop well-
reasoned conclusions about the trends and issue of interest. This project will let you refresh and refine
these skills that are so critical to your future classes and success in your field.
Approaching this two-week project with a plan will help you to succeed. Here are the suggested steps to
take during weeks 2 and 3 of your course:
To prepare for the submission of your Trends section, you will search for information that will
enable you to identify the three top trends in your profession or field. Once you’ve identified the
three trends you plan to discuss, use the APA 7 Template for Project 2 to get started. Note that the
template is set up in APA 7 format so that you can use it for other projects. Include the title page,
introductory paragraph, discussion of each trend, and in-text citations and references. Identify at
least three sources to support your trends section and list them in the references section.
In the next section, you will identify an issue of interest to you in the same industry or field and
explore its impact or effect on the industry. Using your professors feedback, make any necessary
revisions to the Trends section and citations. At least three additional sources should be
incorporated in the issue section, for a total of at least 6 appropriate sources to meet basic
requirements. To achieve an Exceeds Project (EP) grade, you must have more resources and a
greater depth of analysis in your paper.
For each source you cite, include it in your References list. Each source listed in your references
should have at least one in-text citation within the project. The Final Trends Project is due at the
end of Week 3. 1
7
Trends in the [Fill in relevant term(s) here] Industry Comment by Kathleen Hogan: Note to students: This template is intended to help you organize the parts of your Trends project so that you build each section as directed.
You will submit a draft to your professor of the first part at the end of Week 2. This is important! Use the feedback from your professor to refine your trends section and correct any errors in your reference citations. Then work on the issue of interest, review and edit your work, and submit your completed paper at the end of Week 3. It you want to send a draft to the writing tutors, build in time to get that feedback and use it for your final.
Please delete all the instructions/notes within this template before submitting your final paper. In the web version, click the three dots in the upper right corner and select delete thread. In the desktop version, right click on the comment and select delete.
Good luck!!
[Fill in your first and last name]
University of Maryland Global Campus
[Fill in your course name]
[Fill in instructors name]
[Fill in due date]
[Insert a page break after your last line of text so your first page will always be on a new page no matter how much you edit your paper. In Word, go to Insert and choose Page Break.]
Trends in the [Fill in relevant term(s) here] Industry Comment by Kathleen Hogan: Put your title here as its written on your title page. It is a Level 1 heading (centered and bold). Read more about APA Level Headings (apa.org).
This first section (due at the end of Week 2 for a review) consists of the title page, introductory paragraph, Level 1 and Level 2 headings, discussion of three trends, and your references page. Within your introductory paragraph, introduce your industry and clearly identify the top three trends your research has uncovered. Remember to use in-text citations if you are using others ideas (Hogan, 2021). Your final sentence should be a transition that leads into the discussion of your first trend in the body of your paper. Comment by Kathleen Hogan: For a refresher, go here: In-Text Citations – APA 7th Edition Citation Examples – LibGuides at University of Maryland Global Campus (umgc.edu) ***This is an excellent website to bookmark for future use!
Discussion of Three Trends
[Name of Trend #1] Comment by Kathleen Hogan: This is a Level 2 heading (left-justified and bold). Continue this pattern for Trends 2 and 3.
In this section, introduce and discuss Trend #1 in 1-2 paragraphs. Explain how this trend is new to the industry and what it signals for the industry. Note that all paragraphs are indented a tab at 0.5. Also, all lines are double spaced. The final sentence of this paragraph should lead into the first sentence of the next paragraph. You will have an opportunity to revise this section when you receive feedback from your professor on your draft.
[Name of Trend #2]
In this section, introduce and discuss Trend #1 in 1-2 paragraphs. Explain how this trend is new to the industry and what it signals for the industry. The final sentence of this paragraph should lead into the first sentence of the next paragraph. You will have an opportunity to revise this section when you receive feedback from your professor on your draft.
[Name of Trend #3]
In this section, introduce and discuss Trend #1 in 1-2 paragraphs. Explain how this trend is new to the industry and what it signals for the industry. The final sentence of this paragraph should lead into the first sentence of the next paragraph. You will have an opportunity to revise this section when you receive feedback from your professor on your draft.
An Important Emerging Issue Comment by Kathleen Hogan: This is where the next section begins.
In this section you will identify an emerging issue or problem within your industry. This could be one of your three trends, or it can be related to the industry. This section will be around 2-3 double-spaced pages.
This section begins with an introductory paragraph that identifies an emerging issue or problem and makes a claim about its significance in your industry.
[Theme] Comment by Kathleen Hogan: To organize this section for your reader, use Level 2 headings (left-justified and bold) to organize information by theme.
For the rest of the paper, you will develop an argument that supports this claim (clearly stated in your introduction). The body paragraphs need to describe and justify your proposed approach to the issue and explain how it relates to how other organizations or experts have addressed the same issue based on their research. When you present your argument, you should also be prepared to anticipate and refute counterarguments or alternative approaches. By showing that you understand other approaches and being very clear about how your approach is preferable, you are more likely to make a compelling argument.
Use information from your sources to support your ideas while ensuring that your own voice and ideas are primary in the paper. Again, be sure to include in-text citations when you are using ideas from your sources. If you include any quoted material, please include the location of the material as well as the author and year (Hogan, 2021, p. 2). Do not rely on quoted material. This paper should represent
your thoughts based on a synthesis of ideas that contributed to your thesis.
[Theme]
Continue to describe and justify your proposed approach to the issue and explain how it relates to how other organizations or experts have addressed the same issue based on research.
[Theme]
Continue to describe and justify your proposed approach to the issue and explain how it relates to how other organizations or experts have addressed the same issue based on research.
You may not have a third theme or may need an additional Level 2 headings for more themes adjust the template as needed.
Conclusion
Based on the above discussion of three trends and a deeper discussion of an important issue, this section will consist of 1-3 paragraphs that provide conclusions about the trends, the emerging issue, and their overall impact on the direction of the industry. You may discuss areas of uncertainty that require further research, but do not introduce anything new here except to make focused conclusions about the trends and issue based on your synthesis of the ideas from your resources and your own thoughts. Well done!!!
[Insert a page break after your last line of text so your References page will always be on a new page no matter how much you edit your paper. In Word, go to Insert and choose Page Break.]
References Comment by Kathleen Hogan: See the UMGC Library’s General Rules – APA 7th Edition Citation Examples – LibGuides at University of Maryland Global Campus (umgc.edu) for additional guidance.
An example of a student paper in APA 7 format can be found here: Sample Annotated Student Paper in APA Style.
Remember: All sources that you use in your paper must be listed here AND cited in the body of your paper.
Biggs, S., & Nadeau, K. (1992, December).
Students with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Presented at Chesapeake Psychological Services to members of Nations Capital Area Disability Support Services Coalition. http://www.adult-add.org/study/student/study_study_tips.htm Comment by Kathleen Hogan: Note that the second line of each citation is indented. First type in all your citations. Then highlight them and go to Paragraph and click the arrow to see all settings. When you set a Hanging indention and line spacing at Double, your citations should be correct.
Booth, R. C. (1998).
List of appropriate school-based accommodations and interventions. Highland Park, Ill.: National Attention Deficit Disorder Association. http://www.add.org/content/school/list.htm
General information about Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder fact sheet number 19 (FS19). (1999, August). The Academy for Educational Development and the Office of Special Education Programs. http://www.adult-add.org/study/teacher/study_teach_tips.htm
Hallowell, E. M., & Ratey, J. J. (1994).
Driven to distraction: Recognizing and coping with
Attention Deficit Disorder from childhood through adulthood. Pantheon Books.
Latham, P. H. (2000).
Attention Deficit Disorder in college faculty and students: Partners in education. National Center for Law and Learning Disabilities. http://www.adult-add.org/study/student/study_student_college.htm
Robertson, A. S. (2000).
ADD/ADHD: What does it mean for parents and families when their child is diagnosed with this condition? http://www.adult-add.org/medical/research/research_family.htm
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Please include more references to support some of your
claims.
9%
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project 2.docx
ORIGINALITY REPORT
PRIMARY SOURCES
Efstathios Papanikolaou, Jannis Angelis,
Vassilis Moustakis. “Which type of ecosystem
for distributed ledger technology?”,
Technology in Society, 2022
Publication
wrap.warwick.ac.uk
Internet Source
Submitted to Central Queensland University
Student Paper
link.springer.com
Internet Source
www.coursehero.com
Internet Source
Submitted to Southern New Hampshire
University – Continuing Education
Student Paper
www.accc.gov.au
Internet Source
Exclude quotes On
Exclude bibliography Off
Exclude matches < 4 words QM QM FINAL GRADE 0/100 Project 2.docx GRADEMARK REPORT GENERAL COMMENTS Instructor PAGE 1 PAGE 2 Text Comment. car Strikethrough. Thorough explanation This part helps your readers understand your ideas. Be this clear when explaining your ideas throughout your essay. Comment 2 This should be after "however" Wordy Wordy: If you use too many words to describe a relatively minor point, your paper may seem wordy. In order to be as concise as possible, trim your sentences down and use longer, more meaningful words. Try to use fewer two- and three-letter words, passive constructions, and weak verbs such as "seem" and "appear." Strikethrough. Text Comment. The emerging issue must be included in the introduction. Comment 4 QM QM QM QM QM QM Your final sentence should be a transition that leads into the discussion of your first trend in the body of your paper. Text Comment. Discussion of Three Trends Strikethrough. Comment 6 Write in the third person. Consider point of view Who is the narrator? Maintain your story's narrator from beginning to end. If the story is told from third person point of view, it should stay in that perspective, signaling dialogue with phrases like "she uttered" or "he yelled". Comment 7 it is Clone This writing appears to be a "clone" of someone else's work. Clone plagiarism happens when another author's work is copied, word-for-word. Rewrite this section of writing, being sure to incorporate your own ideas and properly cited quotes and ideas from your sources. Comment 8 Unclear antecedent, what does 'this" refer to? Thorough explanation This part helps your readers understand your ideas. Be this clear when explaining your ideas throughout your essay. Powerful evidence You're doing a better job of developing your ideas here. Look for other opportunities to include relevant and powerful examples from each source to support your position. Effective transition Your transitions are helping to make your ideas in this part clear. Continue to create connections and unity throughout your whole essay by using specific transitions to link your ideas together. Helpful transition Good job using a transition word in this section. Continue to include other transitions, like "finally" or "next," throughout the body of your story to show your readers how events are connected. QM QM QM QM QM QM PAGE 3 Text Comment. it is Strikethrough. Text Comment. much Strikethrough. Consider point of view Who is the narrator? Maintain your story's narrator from beginning to end. If the story is told from third person point of view, it should stay in that perspective, signaling dialogue with phrases like "she uttered" or "he yelled". Consider point of view Who is the narrator? Maintain your story's narrator from beginning to end. If the story is told from third person point of view, it should stay in that perspective, signaling dialogue with phrases like "she uttered" or "he yelled". Beat the buzzer Beat the buzzer by writing a more purposeful and reflective last sentence that finalizes the points in this section and helps transition to the next paragraph. Text Comment. business Strikethrough. Strong explanation Your explanation in this section is clear. Which parts of your essay would benefit from this type of thorough attention? Effective transition Your transitions are helping to make your ideas in this part clear. Continue to create connections and unity throughout your whole essay by using specific transitions to link your ideas together. Clone This writing appears to be a "clone" of someone else's work. Clone plagiarism happens when another author's work is copied, word-for-word. Rewrite this section of writing, being sure to incorporate your own ideas and properly cited quotes and ideas from your sources. Text Comment. a QM QM QM QM QM Strikethrough. Consider point of view Who is the narrator? Maintain your story's narrator from beginning to end. If the story is told from third person point of view, it should stay in that perspective, signaling dialogue with phrases like "she uttered" or "he yelled". Strong evidence The evidence that you include in this section is strong. Continue to choose relevant, accurate data and evidence to help support your claim and counterclaim. Wordy Wordy: If you use too many words to describe a relatively minor point, your paper may seem wordy. In order to be as concise as possible, trim your sentences down and use longer, more meaningful words. Try to use fewer two- and three-letter words, passive constructions, and weak verbs such as "seem" and "appear." Strikethrough. PAGE 4 Describe characters The characters in your narrative should appear detailed and realistic. Describe your characters in significant and meaningful ways to bring them to life for your readers. Text Comment. a Strikethrough. Strikethrough. Strikethrough. Strikethrough. Text Comment. simultaneously Wordy Wordy: If you use too many words to describe a relatively minor point, your paper may seem wordy. In order to be as concise as possible, trim your sentences down and use longer, more meaningful words. Try to use fewer two- and three-letter words, passive constructions, and weak verbs such as "seem" and "appear." QM QM QM QM QM QM QM QM Strong example This example is helpful to your essay. Look for other parts of your essay that could improve with a strong example. Comment 18 this is a great example, consider splitting it into two sentences. Reword sentence This sentence might be difficult for your readers to understand. Reword this sentence so your meaning is clear to your audience. Strikethrough. Beat the buzzer Beat the buzzer by writing a more purposeful and reflective last sentence that finalizes the points in this section and helps transition to the next paragraph. Wordy Wordy: If you use too many words to describe a relatively minor point, your paper may seem wordy. In order to be as concise as possible, trim your sentences down and use longer, more meaningful words. Try to use fewer two- and three-letter words, passive constructions, and weak verbs such as "seem" and "appear." Strong evidence The evidence that you include in this section is strong. Continue to choose relevant, appropriate data and evidence to help support your claim and counterclaim. Missing "," Missing comma: Though it may not always be grammatically necessary, a comma can often help to prevent a misreading. When a sentence opens with an introductory element (a phrase, clause or word that is logically related to another phrase or clause in the same sentence), it is a great help to your reader to place a comma after that introductory element. Such phrases will often begin with words like "because," "while" or "although," as in the following example: "While everyone was fighting, the bear wandered away." As you can see, without the comma, the sentence would be confusing. Include evidence There is no direct evidence to support your ideas. Include evidence that appropriately develops your perspective on the historical topic. PAGE 5 Missing "," QM QM QM QM Missing comma: Though it may not always be grammatically necessary, a comma can often help to prevent a misreading. When a sentence opens with an introductory element (a phrase, clause or word that is logically related to another phrase or clause in the same sentence), it is a great help to your reader to place a comma after that introductory element. Such phrases will often begin with words like "because," "while" or "although," as in the following example: "While everyone was fighting, the bear wandered away." As you can see, without the comma, the sentence would be confusing. Comment 20 The growing needed for online shopping is the... Helpful transition Nice work incorporating this transitional phrase. You may also want to consider advanced phrases (like "hence" or "subsequently") that will elevate your language and connections when writing. Text Comment. word order: communicate with one another easily Strikethrough. Strikethrough. Strikethrough. Comment 24 avoid contractions Prep. Incorrect preposition: Some words must be used together with certain prepositions in order to create the meaning you intend. For example, to yell "to" someone is different from yelling "at" someone. Some confusion results from words such as "compare," which usually takes the preposition "to" when it refers to describing the resemblances between things that are not similar, and takes the preposition "with" when it describes the resemblances betw