the Project Author plan to protect the privacy and safety of the proposed content experts (human subjects) in
AN EDUCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAM FOR NURSES REGARDING THE IMPORTANCE OF A HEALTHY DIET FOR PATIENTS WITH OBESITY
By
Student name
A Project
Submitted to the Faculty of DYouville
Division of Academic Affairs
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in
Family Nurse Practitioner
Buffalo, NY
[Month Day, Year]
Copyright 2022 by student name. All rights reserved. No part of this project may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of the student name.
29
PROJECT APPROVAL
Project Committee Chairperson
Name:
__ ____________________________________________________
Signature: ___________________________________________________
Discipline:
___________________________________________________
Project Defended
On
[Month Day, Year]
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Table of Contents
Chapter
I. PROJECT INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………… 8
Statement of Purpose ……………………………………………………………………….. 9
Theoretical Framework ……………………………………………………………………. 9
Initial Review of the Literature ………………………………………………………….13
Significance and Justification ……………………………………………………………19
Project Objectives ……………………………………………………………………………19
Definition of Terms ………………………………………………………………………..
Project Limitations …………………………………………………………………………
Project Development Plan ……………………………………………………………….
Plan for Protection of Human Subjects ……………………………………………..
Plan for Project Evaluation………………………………………………………………
Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE …………………………………………………………..
Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………
III. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PLAN. ……………………………………………….
Project Setting and Population……………………………………………………..
Content Expert Participants …………………………………………………………….. Data Collection Methods …………………………………………………………………
Project Tools …………………………………………………………………………………
The Protection of Human Subjects ………………………………………………………
Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………
IV. PROJECT EVALUATION, IMPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
…..
Project Evaluation ………………………………………………………………………….
Implications for Future Practice ……………………………………………………….
Future Recommendations ………………………………………………………………..
Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………
References ……………………………………………………………………………………. 21
Appendices ……………………………………………………………………………………
List of Appendices
Appendix
A DYouville Patricia H. Garman School of Nursing Full Approval Letter
.. 60
B Letter of Intent ……………………………………………………………………………………. 62
C Evaluation Tool………………………………………………………………………………….. 64
D Educational training program……………………………………………………………………………………………… 66
E Survey tool results in graph.
Chapter I
The age of fast food and instant gratification brought about by the growth of technology has affected the general population in many ways. In America, obesity is becoming problematic, with a prevalence estimate of 41% leading to risk in the severity of diseases (Kalligeros
et al., 2020). As a result, there is a need for nursing practice to take accountability in developing a relationship with collaborative patient care. Obesity can be a lifestyle disease. Therefore, all stakeholder participation must be considered a need to look at the four-metaparadigm perspectives in caregiving using a foundational basis in a theoretical framework. First, a nurse needs expertise in addressing health issues, especially those reversible through natural means, for example, obesity. Obesity is reversible through natural means, including dietary modification and practicing fasting.
The factors that make a successful program include proper planning. Proper planning allows for allocating adequate time and resources toward the project, resulting in the successful implementation of the program (Shi, 2017). Another factor is incorporating experienced project managers with knowledge about the program. For example, specialists such as nutritionists and experts in physical activity and breastfeeding are essential when developing a program to improve nutrition in children and adults and minimize obesity. Finally, it is essential to practice monitoring and control for a program to succeed. Regular evaluation of the progress and the program results allows for modification and alignment in case of an error or a potential erroreffective communication results in a program’s success.
The programs in the articles are good ways to effect cultural change. Education plays a significant role in making people adopt healthy habits. Education is well achievable after evaluating the clients through wellness programs and other community programs that involve health checkups and screening. However, personal barriers such as individual change resistance may negatively impact the success of the social change (Allan, 2020). Some people are susceptible to changes they perceive as threats to their social environment, including the workplace. Individuals may develop resistance to change when they feel uncertain about the intervention when the change comes as a surprise without the time to prepare mentally, and the questions about the competency of the intervention concerning the new environmentthe resistance results in difficulty in implementing the intervention to achieve social change. This study will assess interpersonal relations in nursing theory to draw mechanisms for developing effective strategies for an educational plan for nurses taking care of patients with obesity in an outpatient department. The program will major on how nurses can effectively pass educative information to the clients on dietary intervention as a critical mechanism for reversing obesity. The idea considers all the possible challenges that nurse educators may experience while trying to enhance social change among patients.
Statement of Purpose
The purpose of this project is to develop an educational training program for nurses in an outpatient setting to provide education regarding the importance of a healthy diet for patients with obesity.
Theoretical Framework
Hildegard Peplau’s (2004)
Interpersonal Relations in Nursing Theory is the theoretical framework for developing this project. A brief overview of the theory is presented, and a discussion regarding how the theory was utilized to guide the project’s development. In addition, Peplaus (2004) theoretical definitions for nursings four metaparadigm concepts and the Project Author’s operational definitions will be presented. These metaparadigm concepts include orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution defined within nurse, health, patient, and environments aspects of nursing healthcare provision. As such, the theory emphasizes the importance of crosscutting issues and their effect on nursing care and patient wellness, such as nursing education on dietary interventions for patients with obesity, as in this study.
It thus facilitates better planning to understand the complexities of issues underlying the patient’s conditions, which would hinder getting well. Therefore, this project aims to bring to attention the definition of the metaparadigm concept of patient care within this theory by looking at its significance and interpersonal relationship as contextualization in patient care as a tool for promoting patient education on a healthy diet. In this essence, the project will look at its application as employed in modern nursing careconcerning how the patient-nurse relationship influences the efficiency of healthcare delivery through patient education and implementation of the interventions, i.e., education on a healthy diet for patients with obesity. Finally, the deliberate look of this theory within this aspect will facilitate a conclusion on the modern-day emphasis and necessitated patient-centered model of care.
Significance of Interpersonal Relations Theory
As a mother of nursing psychiatry, Peplau (2004) describes interpersonal relations as a conditional aspect that includes first the interaction of the nurse and patient. She points out that this is attained when understanding each patient’s condition is an experience that allows for improving nursing care (Peplau, 2004). Therefore, the focus in the definition of the theory begins with grasping the nurse and patient metaparadigm concepts as the interaction between patient and nurse makes the relationship personal. Similarly, considerable insights thus point out that the patient care process is personalized in a way that responsibility is both technical and emotional. Peplau (2004) explains that effective patient outcome delivery comes from trust in diagnostics and, thus, acceptance of health as an essential metaparadigm aspect.
The nurse-patient interaction and the collaboration mechanisms between them to attain health are the main topics of Hildegard Peplau’s middle-range theory of interpersonal relations. The nurse and patient can achieve the healthcare objective together by completing a series of distinct stages in a precise sequence. The patient can continue with that path even after the partnership ends. This hypothesis is crucial since it explains how the nurse-patient interaction might improve the patient’s comprehension of the value of the treatment they are receiving. Once the patient is well-informed about their treatment, they can carry on implementing the interventions to attain wellness without the nurse’s ongoing assistance (Peplau, 2004). This theory is a perfect fit for the proposed educational training program for nurses in an outpatient setting to provide education regarding the importance of a healthy diet for patients with obesity. The relationship between the outpatient and the nurse must be founded on trust so that information can be shared comfortably and with trusted support from nurses (Peplau, 2004). A support system must be developed because obesity and the issues surrounding obesity can often bleed into self-esteem and mental health. This theorist ideology will assist in identifying and orienting nurses to the causes of obesity, introducing a perfectly balanced diet with regular exercise, and finally producing solutions for diabetic prevention, a foundation that this theoretical framework supports.
Hildegard Peplau’s theory is significant and relevant to this project because it supports the notion that nursing encompasses beyond simply administering medications and tending to wounds. Patients can preserve their health to the highest possible standard by being informed about their therapy’s reasons and composition. In addition, Peplau’s theory provides information on how the nurse can relate to the patient in a way that promotes comfort and the sense of patient control of their treatment. Also, it makes the patient feel like the treatment can be carried out independently after being discharged from the nurse’s care (Peplau, 2004).
Interpersonal Relations Nursing Theory and Nursing Metaparadigm
Thus, nursing can be defined based on culture and concrete work (Peplau, 2004). Thus, it promotes health through appropriate methods and illness prevention by recognizing triggers for all patients. Therefore, the nurse can only facilitate treatment and not make a diagnosis; hence, the critical aspect is ensuring that the environment is conducive and that communication in the relationship with patients is constant. This means the nurse favors patients’ understanding of their issues by explaining the problem and the treatment plan. This includes a preventive measure to ensure informed decision-making is enhanced and, thus, a partnership that, in essence, is therapeutic.
Communicative action in the digital age between nurse and patient is bold navigation of interpersonal relationships. On the other hand, the increase in maintenance tendency takes a newer approach, as information overload can be present due to media. This could be advantageous for outpatient care, but the opposite is true. As such, following Peplaus underpinning of patient care, nursing is the implementation of need-based healthcare delivery through the respectable promotion of perception and prevention of escalation of illness (Peplau, 2004). Therefore, it can be said that the operational definition of nursing is ensuring that patient needs are met adequately and suitably hence unique to the patient. With that, a different relationship develops between nurse and patient.
In recognition, a person is operationally defined as an entity with individual preconceptions and a mutual understanding of the nature of a medical issue and collaborates towards a productive solution. Therefore, this contextualizes the environment as conditions that allow for human processes that facilitate tendencies supportive of positive development to attain health (Peplau, 2004, p. 12). By this definition, health can operationally be defined as a symbolic future positive goal that is attained after effective healthcare hence instrumental for the person moving in the forward direction of well-being (Peplau, 2004, p. 13).
Operations Definition of Nursing Metaparadigm under Interpersonal Relations Nursing Theory
For this project, the operational definition of the nurse is a supporter who ensures that patient needs are unique and met adequately and suitably to their circumstance. This recognizes that a different relationship develops between nurse and patient from one. In the same stance, a person is operationally defined as an entity with individual preconceptions and a mutual understanding of the nature of a medical issue. Within this understanding, they can collaborate with informed decision-making toward a productive solution. It thus supports the operational definition of the environment as contextualized conditions that allow for human processes that facilitate tendencies supportive of positive development to attain health (Peplau, 2004, p. 12). By this definition, there is support for operationally defined health as a symbolic future positive goal attained after effective healthcare, which is instrumental for the person moving in the forward direction of well-being (Peplau, 2004, p. 13).
Initial Review of the Literature
The literature review will be conducted to explore studies associated with nursing education for obesity and healthy diet. Using the following words singularly and in multiple combinations: nursing training, obesity, outpatient care, nursing psychiatry, overweight, diet, obesity facts, obesity prevention, body weight, and care management planning. Databases searched, limited to the years 2017 and 2022, will include AMED, Alt Health Watch, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, EBSCO, Medical Journal sites for nursing care, nursing training, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Scholar, JSTOR and the D’Youville library to loan articles through interlibrary loan. The search is limited to 2017 to 2022 to ensure that current evidence-based literature is reviewed and summarized for this project. A summary of the review of literature is presented.
Dynamics of Outpatient Care
According to Balani
et al. (2019), the epidemic of obesity is a significant health crisis that continues to increase globally. It is reported that in the United States, more than two-thirds of adults are considered either overweight or obese. Therefore, a lifestyle disease is critical to the discussion on nursing care for outpatient obesity. As such, care focuses on management and fostering better and healthy weight maintenance (Kalligeros
et al., 2020). Thus, it does not necessarily focus on age but understands that eagerness is also a risk factor for comorbidities associated with being overweight.
Furthermore, Kalligeros
et al. (2020) study point out that the exploration of the association between obesity and chronic diseases is something that should be understood. This is because there is a direct relation between the severity of the outcomes seen in intensive care units and admission rates. For example, research that analyzes a retrospective cohort with 103 patients found that of the patients admitted to the hospital history of heart disease is a direct result of obesity. Therefore, a recommendation is that vigilance should be given to treating patients with obesity starting from the outpatient setting, alluding to necessitated prevention of escalation when faced with other conditions (Kalligeros
et al., 2020).
Role of Nursing
The role of nursing is to provide integrated care and enhance patient comfort by providing interventions to alleviate symptoms of obesity. Findings from Rezaei
et al. (2022) study point out that high morbidity rates are caused by poor health maintenance, which aligns with the results in Smith
et al.s (2020) and Sutaria
et al. (2020) studies. Furthermore, Gadde
et al. (2018) study findings indicate a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality rates among patients in weight maintenance trials. The high number of obesity cases creates a risk factor in the population; this points to the need to emphasize training for this. Recognizing physician efforts in collaboration with outpatients by sensitization on environmental awareness is essential (Walia
et al., 2022). This includes considering that proper evaluation starts by recognizing the appropriateness of the environment for supporting weight management. Achieving and maintaining weight loss or gain requires physician-patient collaboration in a way that can be facilitated by nurses providing pertinent information. Again, support and motivation are also determined by letting a carefully defined plan be identified with the patient to understand the expected health outcomes. This is the nurse’s work as it allows for the recognition of a strategy of control for each patient (Stonerock & Blumenthal, 2017:p.1457).
According to Rezaei
et al. (2022), the combination of aspects such as the cost of health, care expenditures, and hospitalization risks are some of the reasons that can be used in motivating outpatients to adhere to their plan of losing weight. This study aligns with the findings of Pich
et al. (2020) study findings. The findings indicate that advanced heart diseases are often caused by obesity and lack of maintenance, and the determinant of failure lies in the early handling of the issue. Therefore, health literacy is an integral part of the nursing fraternity to impart to the patients as it allows for the opportunity to understand the implication of obesity in the long run. Consequently, the narrative is applicable because by the time medication is involved. The progression will be higher risk associated and thus significant mortality risk. However, creating a provider-patient relationship with a healthy diet, diabetes, and obesity teaching without having a judgmental response, whereby both parties agree on goals and share a vision of improvement in general metabolic health status, is beneficial. The patient and provider can create a personalized and participatory lifestyle change plan as described by Foley
et al. (2019) study. Furthermore, Alexander
et al. (2021) study findings indicate that health literacy as part of outpatient training will provide the necessary support for proper weight loss and maintain it while allowing room for recognition of mental health too. This caters to the grasping of the incorporation of strategies that align outcomes centered on the totality of patient care within the six sigma of quality improvement in healthcare delivery.
Alexander
et al. (2021) research focuses on promoting healthcare delivery as a focal point in preventive care and is supported by Levine
et al. (2019), which look at a similar issue but with a different approach. Levine
et al. (2019) surveyed to find out why the use of preventive healthcare is still low in the modern healthcare system. The findings from the survey linked modernization and the advancement in technology as one the contributors to the limited use of preventive medicine. Nevertheless, Harris
et al. (2017) point out how using preventive healthcare would enhance the efficiency of care and result in better outcomes. Therefore, Alexander
et al. (2021), Levine
et al. (2019), and Harris
et al. (2017) studies collectively look at transitioning patients from outpatient to inpatient and provide insight into what to avoid and what is necessary to promote better care. From the start, the studies allow room for relativity in practices that promote and optimize safety, and within those points to the relevance of individual patient circumstances. While the paper gives valuable information on the standard procedure, it contributes to the general discussion on the improvement of health by nurses. It thus applies that, for all patients, recognition of the value in situation background assessment facilitates the improvement of health outcomes. The improvement starts with a reduction in risks hence understanding beneficial outcomes accurately first (Alexander
et al., 2021).
Recognition of Potential Barriers
There is also a need to recognize the impact of cultural competency in nursing care (Chae & Park, 2019). With outpatients, there is a risk of exposure to external biases and pressure that may result in declining health whenever they leave a session. Therefore, value must be provided in educating patients on the potential risks they face in their environment. This can only be achieved through collaboration which aligns with the results of Seger’s (2019) and Ogbolu
et al. (2018) studies. Furthermore, it is essential for the patient’s perspective of the community and support system to be observed by the patient (Bloor & McIntosh, 2019). Therefore, sharing with the nurse is a natural step of goal setting that allows an informed understanding of the underlying implication of the stereotypes and norms of expectation (Halvorson
et al., 2019). This will help focus on reducing the risk of “temptation” of hindrances to improving patient health in a way that respects them and their communities.
Similarly, (Balani
et al., 2019) study examined factors affecting healthy weight in the community. The study explained that obesity is not a lifestyle crisis but rather a complicated, chronic disease affecting areas of behavioral, psychosocial, biological, and environmental factors. For this reason, there is a need for a collaborative and comprehensive approach to obesity management. Therefore, foundational planning is essential for the nurse and the patient to recognize early on.
Hee Soon
et al. (2019) opted to conduct a study on this subject .focusing on the younger populations; one thing that tends to be overlooked is that children learn from what they see happening in their surroundings. Thus, even if a child is prone to eating healthy in their respective homes, they are also prone to be influenced by what they see in schools or other surroundings. Therefore, this research study aimed to answer the question, “What are the barriers at home and school to healthy eating?” Furthermore, it also aimed at answering this through the perspectives of parents and children who had or were suffering from obesity; therefore, parents, teachers, and community healthcare providers should alleviate the issues of obesity through adequate healthy diet teaching and implementation.
It is imperative when it comes to the management of unvoiced expectations of a patient in a way that recognizes their efforts and input toward change. According to Ma
et al. (2019) study findings, obesity management requires self-discipline at a higher level than average and recognizing a gradual result, supported by Reas’s (2017) study. These studies describe how lack of self-discipline results in binge eating disorder; at the same time, public and healthcare professionals knowledge and attitudes toward the relationship between self-awareness results in binge eating disorder and, consequently, weight gain (obesity). The fact that it cannot be cured by medication and results are not immediate is a cause of concern that both nurse and patient should understand (Boersema
et al., 2021:p.11). It requires patience and a lens where small milestones can only weigh competent management. Furthermore, obesity practitioners must have complete comprehension and apply evidence-based knowledge while administering care to patients with obesity (Srivastava
et al., 2019:p.196).
When management optimization is needed in the treatment strategy for a patient with obesity, especially outpatients, there is a need for longitudinal consideration of the comprehensiveness of management aspects. According to Seger (2019), a complication of obesity as a chronic illness is as sophisticated as any other issue, which aligns with Godfrey
et al. (2017) study. Godfrey
et al. (2017) describe the complications primarily associated with maternal obesity, including coronary artery disease, obesity in the offspring, asthma, and allergies. In addition, Schetz
et al. (2019) describe obesity as one of the current health concerns affecting a large proportion of the world’s population. As such, an intensity level should be employed with preventive controls in line with the responsibility set. This allows for desired treatment to be the main goal rather than the desired end product, such as specific weight. It removes the tension without negating the implication of the process and thus optimizes input by the small measures that can be seen regularly. Therefore, a pathophysiological approach is necessary for an all-hands-on methodology hence simplicity that is specific to the patient in question rather than a generalization as in Block
et al. (2020) study findings.
Nurses’ knowledge of the management of obesity
Inadequacy of skills and knowledge among healthcare professionals is one of the significant challenges facing the fight against metabolic conditions such as obesity. Bucher Della Torre
et al. (2018) describe one of the challenges in one of the university hospitals as the presentation of poor knowledge, skills, and attitude about obesity among nurses and physicians, which aligns with the findings of Turner
et al.s (2018) study. Turner
et al.s study revealed inadequate knowledge concerning managing obesity effectively. The results imply that provider perception of optimal healthcare services for obesity is at odds with research-based guidelines. Healthcare practitioners must be aware of the best ways to use pharmacotherapy and behavioral counseling, such as adopting a healthy diet; these interventions are widely applied in improving the health of obese patients (Turner
et al., 2018:p.667).
Reinforcing Positive environment in Nurse-Patient Relationship
When looking at the studies, it is evident that nurse and patient relationships are integral to the definition of health and the understanding of treatment planning. These are essential to the pathways to positive outcome expectation hence accurate to the operational definitions. Given that outpatient care for obesity is almost therapeutic, there is a sense of delivery requiring that verbal and non-verbal communication are read. As such, the nurse must have the core conditioning of genuine concerns, which sometimes could be perceived as going above and beyond the baseline required (Okdie & Ewoldsen, 2018). The relationship between the two is skill-based, examining the level of trust in both directions with absolute truths. The points of conflict should thus be handled with care and isolated from the goals by accepting attitudes as progression, hence removing fear (Walia
et al., 2022). This also removes the anxiety of either side as the nurse can trust that discipline will be employed within the period they have not met. Similarly, the patient will trust that information will not be withheld, anger will not be enforced, and the care environment will be positively reinforced with empathy rather than pity.
Significance and Justification
Findings from the initial literature review revealed a lack of knowledge in nursing and patient care practice regarding obesity management. In their study, Bucher Della Torre
et al. (2018) revealed a significant inadequacy of knowledge and skill among nurses and physicians working in a university hospital concerning the management of obesity (Bucher Della Torre
et al., 2018: p.126). This gap exists, yet healthcare professionals should be at the forefront of executing various interventions to manage obesity. It is an implication that patients suffering from obesity and related complications will find it challenging to get adequate and effective nursing education concerning diet to manage and treat their condition. Similarly, there is inconsistency in provider understanding of appropriate clinical care for obesity. The study recommends that there is a need for healthcare professionals to develop an understanding of how to effectively leverage health interventions to promote outcomes for patients with obesity. This article is a good choice for supporting the proposed project because it points out the limitations of proper management of obesity, one of which is the low knowledge level among health professionals and the need to address them towards achieving the goal of healthcare. Therefore, this study must enable nurses to have a training program where they will get more knowledge and skills concerning the management of obesity through dietary interventions. It will optimize patient outcomes through effective nursing education.
Project Objectives
The objectives of this project are to:
1. Conduct an extensive review of the literature exploring healthy diets for patients with obesity using the following keywords, both singularly and in multiple combinations: nursing training, obesity, obesity prevention, outpatient care, overweight, diet, and healthy diet. Databases searched, limited to the years 2017 to 2022, will include AMED, Alt Health Watch, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, EBSCO, Medical Journal sites for nursing care, nursing training, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Sch
SHOW MORE…
discussion 1
Transcript: Texas Governor Abbott signs 7 gun bills into law, including constitutional carry
David Sears: New at noon, Governor Greg Abbott is in town today and assigned several pieces of Second Amendment legislation.
Female News Speaker: He was just at the Alamo and thats where our Erica Hernandez is live at with the details. Erica just how many pieces of legislation did the Governor sign this afternoon?
Erica Hernandez: Well, today he did sign 7 bills, those were 3 Senate bills and 4 House bills all having to do with the Second Amendment. Now Governor Abbott was joined by the Lt. Governor, the Texas House Speaker, several members of the Legislature, and representatives of the NRA. Of the bills he signed, one included the controversial permitless carry bill which allows Texans who are 21 years and older to carry a firearm without a license or training. Opponents of the bill were against it as they said it would remove barriers aimed at keeping people who are not legally fit to possess a gun from carrying one. Despite that, it was passed, and Governor Abbott today said these bills now make Texas a Second Amendment sanctuary state.
Governor Abbott: You can understand why we are pushing back against this narrative across America where people are saying from the federal level to the local level that Second Amendment rights are under assault. That government officials are saying, heck yes, government is coming to take your guns. Texas will not let that happen.
Erica Hernandez: Now there will still be public places guns arent allowed even under this law and that includes places like airports, schools, sporting events, bars, hospitals, and courtrooms. Texas now joins 19 other states that have passed constitutional carry laws. All these laws he signed today do go into effect September 1st. Live at the Alamo, KSAT 12 News.
End of transcript. Transcript: Colleges Prepare for Start of Campus Carry
Male News Person in Studio: Now kids are going back to college and for some, theyll be packing more than just books. New Campus Carry law start officially next week on August 1st. CBS 11s Joel Thomas live on the UTA campus in Arlington with how one campus is regulating where gun owners can live. Tell us more.
Reporter (Joel Thomas): Well, all the campuses have to do some things the same, like they have to put up signs telling people where they can and cant take guns. And other campuses do things differently. At UTA they have made sure that all their guidelines are online and easy for students to find. And all of this is just trying to balance between student rights and student fears.
Student Stephanie Plancarte: Im going to school to learn not to expect somebody to come and shoot you.
Reporter: Campus Carry is divisive even among families. Stephanie Plancarte is a UNT senior.
Stephanie Plancarte: Because it is scary, youre just coming to school. Why would you want to know that the person sitting next to you has a gun?
Reporter: Stephanies brother is about to start college.
Student (Jonathon Plancarte): For me, like, if I had a gun right now and I came here to UNT, like that would make me feel safe because what if there was a shooting? I could probably try to do something about it.
Reporter: State schools have struggled to make both sides comfortable as Mondays deadline to start Campus Carry approaches. New signs on arenas, theaters, and stadiums restrict where guns are allowed. UNT restricts carriers living on campus to a single dormitory building with no roommates, and a gun lock box provided in the room. James Abbott attends UT Austin but he is visiting UNT where his brother will attend. He says UT has been in turmoil over Campus Carry.
Student (James Abbott): Its been on my mind probably about as much as anybody else. You know, they send out emails all the time from the administration.
Reporter: But Campus Carry hasnt factored at all into his brother’s decision to attend UNT.
Student (James Abbott): Its not something that hes really brought up.
Reporter: Administrators say the reality is they dont expect too many gun carriers on campus. The reasons? Well, you have to be over 21 to get your license in the first place and theres only a small percentage of Texans who actually have concealed carry licenses. Reporting live, Joel Thomas, CBS 11 News.
Male News Person in Studio: JT thanks. We have reached out to other local campuses about this concealed carry law. We are told the new signs explaining the new rules are up at Texas Womens University in Denton. Private universities like Texas Wesleyan, SMU, and TCU, they have all opted out.
End transcritpt. Now the 3 Question Sections Below to be Answered:
The rules:
Your answer needs to beno less than300 words and no more than 400 words.
1.
For constitutional carry:
Should Texas have adopted “constitutional carry” of firearms? Why or why not? Does the law at least attempt to prevent violence, or is it an unreasonable restriction on Texans right to bear arms?
to help see this article on the bill being signed into law in 2021:
https://www.texastribune.org/2021/06/16/texas-constitutional-carry-greg-abbott/
Also, if you are unfamiliar with the old and new law, check out the
https://guides.sll.texas.gov/gun-laws/carry-of-firearms
2.
For campus carry:
Do you agree or disagree with allowing people to carry concealed handguns on public college and university campuses? Why or why not? When it comes to “sensitive areas” according to the law above, identify at least one area where should handguns be prohibited on a public or university campus and explain why. You must identify at least one area.
Watch the helpful video below on Campus Carry.
This article may also be helpful:
https://guides.sll.texas.gov/gun-laws/schools-colleges
3.
Final question:
How is this topic related to the individualistic and traditionalistic political cultures in Texas?
Transcript Colleges Prepare for Start of Campus Carry.docx
Transcript Texas Gov Abbott signs 7 gun bills into law.docx Unit One Discussion: Campus and Constitutional Carry
As of today, there are two political cultures that dominate in Texas: individualistic and traditionalistic political cultures. This discussion board is tied to those concepts. We will be looking at the intersection of campus carry and constitutional carry. The campus and constitutional carry laws and the ability of Texans to openly carry firearms are emblematic of Texas individualistic and traditionalistic political cultures.
First: Constitutional Carry
Until recently, Texans had to 1) pass a background check; 2) take a firearm safety class; and, 3) show basic proficiency with a handgun to carry a handgun. With their license to carry (called an LTC) they can carry open (holstered on their hip where anyone can see it) or concealed, so long as they abide by other restricted places such as bars, stadiums, and businesses that have put up signs saying they do not want guns in their building. This is all for handguns, rifles can be carried by anyone over the age of 18 with no license.
“Constitutional carry” had been fiercely debated in the legislature and the objective was to eliminate the need for everyone to go through the process of getting the LTC. Texas’ constitution says that Texans have the right to bear arms, but the state can regulate this “with a view to prevent violence.”, also known as the Firearm Carry Act of 2021, amends the Texas Penal Code to allow persons to carry handguns without a license and in certain places under certain circumstances.
Second: Campus Carry
Campus Carry is different than Constitutional Carry and the rules are not the same. Constitutional Carry does not apply on the physical premises of schools or educational institutions, nor on the grounds of a sponsored event by a school or educational institution, with valid
Campus Carry policies.
. Campus Carry was fully implemented in 2017. was codified into the Here is some of the actual legislation that was passed regarding guns on public college universities and campuses:
Laws Concerning Carrying Concealed Firearms on Campus in Texas:
According to Texas Penal Code 46.03(f) an individuals are prohibited from intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly possessing or going with a firearm on the physical premises of a school or educational institution, any grounds or building on which an activity sponsored by a school or educational institution is being conducted, or in a passenger transportation vehicle of a school or educational institution, whether the school or educational institution is public or private, unless pursuant to written regulations or written authorization of the institution. Concealed weapons permit holders are subject to this prohibition with the following exceptions.
Effective Dates:August 1, 2016for all state 4-year colleges and universities;August 1, 2017for all state 2-year and junior colleges.
The new Texas law will permit individuals who have obtained a concealed handgun license (CHL) to carry their loaded, concealed weapon in college and university buildings. Each college and university may determine certain
sensitive areas and buildings*
where concealed weapons will continue to be prohibited. Each college and university must publicly display campus policies on the official school website, as well as widely publicizing it among correspondence with the institutions faculty, staff, and students. Previous laws permitting the concealed carry with a license on open campus grounds and in locked vehicles in parking lots will remain unchanged (see note 2 below).
*The sensitive areas will first be determined by the institution and will include representatives from the student body, faculty, and staff. Once the sensitive areas are approved by this committee, they will be sent to the Board of Regents for a 2/3 vote for approval.
Lastly…
The impact of the above has real political consequences. In July of 2022, Texas Senator John Cornyn, was
booed and told to “get off the stage” at a GOP State Convention in Texas.
(Note: This is the State Convention the party has every election year that we discuss in Lesson 5). Why? He had been working on bipartisan gun control legislation following the Uvalde, Texas elementary school shooting. Even his fellow Texas Senator Ted Cruz gave him grief and some say the deal may
define his legacy
.