Use the step one outlines doc for completing step 2 please. I attached the step 1 and instruction along with the step 2 info.

[removed] Step 2: Innovations in Biology and Technology

BIOL 103 6985 Introduction to Biology (2228)

Step2:Innovations in Biology and Technology -Writing Assignment (9%)

Addresses course outcomes 1-4:
recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems
make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations
weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method
use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, andappropriate technologiesto ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses,designand conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions

Writea paperabout your chosen topic.

Your paper should consist ofa title page, introduction, several paragraphs addressing the questionsfor your chosen topic, conclusion, and references.
The outline youwrote in step 1 should be your starting point, but youcan make edits to the topics and details you include, and the organization of the content. Take advantage of any feedback received.
Your paper should be 750-1500 words,excludingreferences andthetitle page.
Usea minimum ofthree (3) reliable information sources.These may or may not be the same resources that you found in step 1 of this assignment.
The majority ofyour paper should be writtenin your own words, your own writing style and structure,fullyparaphrasinginformation from the selected information sources(just changing a few words in a sentence is not enough). Your paper should consist of less than 10% direct quotes.Quotation marksmust be usedat the start and end ofa direct quote, followed by an in-text citation. When paraphrasing,you shouldalsousetext citationstoacknowledgethe source.
A list of referencesin APAformat should be included at the end.
Please visit the UMGC Citing and Writing page for citation, writing, and academic integrity help:

https://sites.umgc.edu/library/libhow/gethelp-citing.cfm

Submityourpaperto the Assignment folder by the due date listed in the course schedule.

The originality of your assignment will be checked with Turnitin. Please review the originality report (

https://libguides.umgc.edu/turnitin-students
), and if needed, submit a revised assignment before the submission deadline.

Please review the grading rubric, and ask your professor if you have questions about this assignment.

Topic selection(use the topic you selected for step 1 of this assignment, included here as a reminder):

a) Vaccines.Your friend is worried about the many vaccines that his newborn son is scheduled to receive and asks you for advice since you are taking a biology course. Start with an explanation of how vaccines work. Briefly contrast the traditional methods used to create vaccines with more recently used biotechnology techniques, including theCOVID 19 mRNA vaccines.Explain how the mRNA vaccines work based on your knowledge of the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology.What are some of the diseases thatinfantsand children in the US are routinely vaccinated against? How have vaccinationsimpactedthe frequency of these diseases over the past 100 years? Why are some people worried about giving their children vaccines?Why do some people believe that the MRR vaccine can causeautism?Is there scientific evidence to support these concerns? Conclude with advice to your friendin regard togetting the recommended vaccines based on what you learned from reliable information sources.

b) Personal Genomics.Services like23andMeandAncestryhave made it possible even popular for the average person to obtain in-depth information about their genome, including details like food allergies, drug sensitivities, and disease risks.There are even add-on sites that will take this information and generate elaborate reports, such asPromethease.Describe how this data is obtained, and what it actually includes. Start your explanation with a basic description of DNA and how genes control our traits (the Central Dogma). Use information from the course readings, at least one service provider (e.g., 23&Me, Ancestry), and additional information resources.What are the advantages and disadvantages of this easy, rapid, and affordable access to genomic data?What are the social implications, in terms of benefits and risks?Is Genome Privacy (restricting access to an individuals private genomic data) a potential issue, and if so, how?If you, or someone you know, have had your own genome analyzed, discuss the thought process that led you (or them) to do so, and share how you felt when you found your results. If you haven’t, discuss why or why you would not want to have this information.

c) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)has been the most recent breakthrough discovery in bioengineering that enables scientists to edit DNA. Because you have studied biology in this course, you have volunteered at your nieces Middle School Science Club tomonitora student debate about CRISPR. The students will be watching the following video before the discussion:

You need to be prepared in case there are any questions. Please research and write an answer to each of the following questions: What is CRISPR? What role does Cas9 play in the CRISPR process? How does the CRISPR-Cas9 system snip and replace any DNA sequence? What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of gene editing? Include specific examples. Do you believe that the inherent risks ofmodifyingDNA is worth the rewards? Explain. Do you believe that it is ethical to genetically engineer animals and humans? Explain.

d) Bioprinting.Your father has been on a waitlist for a new kidney for several years, but no match has been found. You hear about bioprinting on the news and decide to do some research so you can tell him about it. Start with an explanation of what bioprinting is, and how the process works. Relate it to what you have learned about cells, tissues, and organs. What are the benefits of bioprinting? What are the current challenges?What are stem cells and how can they be used for bioprinting?What isbioinkand how is it used for bioprinting?Include a least two examples of current research in this field, and conclude with predictions for the future.Finally, do you believethatyour fathercouldbenefitfrom this technology in his lifetime?

e) Human-caused global climate changeis the biggest environmental challenge we are faced with today. Your aunt is a climate skeptic and you have decided to use your understanding of science to explain to her why the earths climate is changing, describe the major biological effects of climate change, and discuss how technology can be a solution to this problem. You should start with a brief description of the greenhouse effect and how carbon dioxide is a natural part of the carbon cycle. Then explain how our use of fossil fuels is disrupting the carbon cycle and enhancing the greenhouse effect. You may want to look ahead to the Week 7 readings for this information. What are the major ecological effects associated with climate change? What are the human health concerns associated with climate change? Describe at least one example of each. And finally, what can we do to reduce our impact on the climate through technological innovation? Include a description of a minimum of two technological solutions.

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Practicum: Identification of a Population in Your Community

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Practicum: Identification of a Population in Your Community
Practicum Learning Objectives
Develop an intervention plan in collaboration with other professionals that takes into account determinants of health, available resources, and activities that contribute to health and the prevention of illness or injury
Provide culturally competent care, i.e., health promotion, disease and injury prevention interventions in collaboration with other health care professionals in a community health care setting
Analyze data pertaining to a specific community health issue
Evaluate how cultural competence improves nursing practice and health outcomes
Evaluate current evidence-based practices for your selected population
Analyze evidence-based practices
Evaluate programs aimed at solving health problems
Evaluate local disaster plans and contemplate collaborative efforts in problem solving
Analyze effectiveness of practicum proposal through practice presentations
Present practicum presentation to colleagues

Weekly Practicum Assignments
Practicum Group Discussions
Overview

Week 1: Identification of a Population in Your Community

As a community of practice your task for this week is to collaborate with professionals across the health care system and with your community of practice in the discussion in order to find a gap in care or social determinant that often results in poor health care outcomes. You will begin to take the lead in advocating for and collaborating with others to improve the health care outcomes for populations at risk.

Overall Purpose for Practicum:Develop a potential project to improve the health of a specific population of interest or a population at risk.

This practicum is designed to help you develop as a scholar practitioner and health leader to promote positive social change in your own community. In this practicum experience you will focus on

primary prevention
of a health problem in your community (see text for definition.) You already possess the knowledge and skills to help those who are acutely ill. This experience will help learn how to prevent a health problem in a specific population at risk at the

community and system level of care
(see text for definition). Consequently, because you are well aware of how to care for individuals you will now develop leadership and advocacy skills to improve the health of the community. Collaborating with other professionals and community members in your community will be the key to a successful practicum and project. Collaborate with each other in the discussions, with your instructor, with health care professionals (nurses and other disciplines), with local and state departments of health, and most importantly with the population you hope to help. As an advocate, you will promote positive social change through collaboration with families, communities, and professionals in the health care system. You will develop a culturally relevant proposal that could improve health outcomes for a specific population at risk in your community.

Answer the following questions as you develop your evidence-based, culturally appropriate intervention for your community
:

What health issue, problem, or disparity in health outcomes is of concern to you as a scholar practitioner in your community? What gaps in knowledge and care do you see as possible causes for the health issue? What does the health data tell you about the health issue? What does the literature tell you about the health issue? How can you learn about the health issue and about possible solutions from the viewpoint of families, community as a whole, and health professionals in your community? What evidence is there to support your proposal? What is one avenue you could advocate for improved health outcomes and know when a change has taken place?

Suggestions for the Project

Each weeks activities are geared to help you move along with your proposal. Use this time well and utilize some aspect of discussion and assignments in this course (e.g. windshield survey) to support your proposal as well.

Read about the whole project before you start.

Suggestions for Discussions

The more you discuss your project with your group the better it will turn out. Consider posting earlier than Thursday to have a better discussion. Provide honest, respectful feedback to each other.
Picture yourself as someone practicing in the other students community, working with and listening to your colleagues ideas weekly (as your read each others posts). You are responsible for helping your colleagues make the best decision in class in the same you would be if you were working side-by-side.

Review the focus for each week of the practicum. The weekly practicum discussions will help keep you focused on your project. You will receive guidance from faculty and help from other students in your group.

Discussion
Overview: As a community of practice, your task for this week is to collaborate with professionals across the health care system. With your community of practice, in the Discussion, find a gap in care or social determinant that often results in poor health care outcomes. You will begin to take the lead in advocating for and collaborating with others to improve the health care outcomes for populations at risk.
Practicum Discussion: During this week, you will identify a population at risk in your community. This population will be the basis for your Practicum Discussions and your individual presentations over the next 6 weeks, as well as the focus of your final PowerPoint presentation in Week 6. To review, a population is a group of individuals who share a common environmental or personal characteristic, such as obese individuals who are at risk for diabetes or cardiovascular disease (populations at risk) or those individuals who are otherwise healthy and could stay healthy if they do not develop risky behaviors (populations of interest). An example of this is teenagers who dont yet smoke but might consider it due to peer pressure (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2020). Some of the topics you might consider are vaccination compliance, obesity rates among children and adults, teenage pregnancy, or infectious diseases such as Norwalk virus, genital warts, or sexually transmitted diseases/infections. You might look also at emerging public health problems such as Chagas or the Zika virus. Some of the places you might consider looking for information to substantiate and support your ideas about populations at risk in your communities are your local health department, the CDC, and the many evidence-based websites that the CDC supports, such as the CDC Wonder (http://wonder.cdc.gov/). You may also review the work of other community groups that focus on improving health care outcomes for your community. You should begin to support your selection of population and ideas about their health care problems through the use of health data and scholarly literature.