week one reflection 1-2 pages APA format

WEEK ONE REFLECTION JOURNAL.
USE THE FOLLOWING READING ATTACHMENTS TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW.
One way we do address that challenge is through our discussion boards. But another way that we can reflect on what we are learning is through aRefection Journal.
What is a Reflection Journal?
A reflection journal is a personal record of a student’s learning experiences. It is a space where you can record and reflect upon your observations and responses to what you are reading and hearing, which can then be used to explore and analyze how these learnings will affect you in your role today and in your role as a future leader.
Following each of the lecture sessions, as you participate or watch the recording, reflect on what you believe were the key take-aways from that session and the chapters associated with it, by answering the three following questions:
1. What are a few key take-aways for me from that session or from the chapters I read?
2. Why were these meaningful for me?
3. How might i enhance my current role, or future leadership role by using these concepts?
This is an informal journal; you are capturing your thoughts so you can continue to learn from them. The Reason Were All Here

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Welcome to HCA 622 Quality appraisal and Evaluation.

Each of the presentationa with this slide it is after all, why we are all here!

Contact Information:
Please see the contact information that your instructor has provided in Blackboard.
We are here to help you in any way that we can.
Our job is:
To guide you through the materials;
Cleary communicate assignments and expectations; and
Help you learn from the materials as future leaders in healthcare.
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KEY POINT:
Make sure that you are checking your National University email boxes.
There was a change made a number of months ago and you will not longer receive email to your home email.
You will receive information and updates from your instructor through your NU email only.
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Week 1: Session 1 Agenda
Reminder – Introductions
Course Overview
Review and discuss session topics
Review Assignments, due dates and expectations
Parking Lot items, if any
Q&A
Wrap-up

Our lecture sessions for this first week with begin with some basic course information that you will need to be successful with your course.

Key Concepts and Ideas
Quality and Patient Safety are the same thing!
How can we say that we are providing quality care if people are being injured?

These concepts and tools are applicable to you, no matter what your role and experience in health care has been.

It is the responsibility of all those involved in health care to assure that we are providing safe, efficient and effective care to our patients, families and communities.

Key Concepts and Ideas
What are the origins of Quality/Patient Safety in healthcare?
What are some of the core concepts and tools?
What are some of the key implementation strategies?
How all of this affects you as leaders!

As described in the course outcomes, this course will provide a broad overview of the key concepts, history, evolution, model, tools and implications for quality and patient safety in the health care arenas.

So, lets get started!
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Reminder: Introductions
Majors
Experience have you had with Quality or Patient Safety
Participation?
Quality tools or techniques
Where you hope to be in the next 3-5 years in your career goals
Course Expectations
What are you most interested in learning more about?

Please be sure that you provide your introduction for Week One DQ1 as soon as possible.

This will provide me valuable information on how we move forward with the course.
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Pre-reading
Pre-reading is a requirement of this course.
Reviewing each chapter prior to the class means that we can use class time to review key concepts and theories, and apply our learning to examples from our case studies and the real world, rather than simply covering basic material
In order for learning to be effective learning tool, you must be prepared.
Different order for chapters
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

It is important to note that our text is an excellent series of writings by some of the key experts in quality and patient safety.

In order to provide the best overview in the time we have, the order of the chapters has been changed please make note of that!
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Making the Best Use of Your Time
This course is about approaches, strategies and tools which are intended to make healthcare safer, more effective, and more appropriate.
Think about it in the light of your other studies, your work, public and political debates about the provision of healthcare, and in relation to what you hear from the media, your friends and family
Why does healthcare require continuous quality improvement?
How are or can they be applied to the real world?
How are or can they be applied to you a leaders?

The course consists of:
Pre-reading from the required text; two optional scheduled lectures sessions to provide additional information on the text; weekly exercises to help assure the adoption of key concepts including the use of a Reflection Journal; weekly discussion questions designed to engage you with your colleagues on a variety of issues that affect you and all those in the health care area; weekly quizzes on the materials covered; and two in-depth papers on topics to broaden your knowledge and understanding of the topics.

The course also offers extra resources each week to broaden your experience and bring what is happening in the health care environment into your online learning.

Apply standards in health care quality/patient safety.
Comprehend tools, models, and strategies for quality improvement/patient safety.
Describe the development of a quality measurement approach that includes data collection planning, data analysis, and statistical process control methods.
Explain leadership and strategic planning for quality/patient safety, including its institutionalization and sustainability.
Employ techniques for creating an organizational culture that fosters quality/patient safety.
Examine and illustrate quality improvement/patient safety initiatives by proposing a problem and addressing it by developing metrics and expected outcomes, in a group, collective effort.
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HCA 622 Course Learning Outcomes
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

The course learning outcomes provide a broad overview of what we will be addressing in the course.

The course outline specifically address the learning outcome we are addressing for each section.
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Ransom, Elizabeth R.(2008).Health Quality Book: Vision, Strategy and Tools. 3ndEdition. Chicago, Illinois: Healthcare Administration Press
HCA 622 Required Textbook
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Extra Credit Opportunity!
Read, summarize, present
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press
Nance, John J.(2008). Why Hospitals Should Fly. 2nd Edition. Bozeman, Montana: Second River Healthcare

These are the text for our course.

The Healthcare Quality Book is our required text and there will be an extra credit optional book for those of you who would like to read Why Hospitals Should FLY, an excellent refection on quality and safety written in a fun way almost as a novel.
The instructions for the extra-credit assignment can be found in Week One Blackboard.
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Optional Class Meetings:
To Be Announced
Times will be set by your instructor.
These session are optional, but really bring the materials to life!
You will receive an invite via your National University email box.
Recordings of the session will be provided.
Class Schedule:
12
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

Game Plan
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to competently articulate key concepts and uses of the fundamentals of continuous quality improvement/patient safety in healthcare and the value they provide to the industry, staff, organizations, consumers and the communities they serve.
In order to be successful:
Complete required readings and other assigned course resources
View weekly videos when assigned
Respond to weekly discussion threads and interact with other student posts
Utilize your Reflection Journal after each live or recorded session.
Complete course project assignments
Develop thought-provoking case study responses which demonstrate knowledge of course topics
Take weekly quizzes
Enjoy!
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Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

HCA 622 Week One Roadmap
Please read Chapters 1,4,2,14,16 in the required text prior to our first class
In order to get the most out of the course, pace yourself by completing something everyday
Catch up as needed over the weekend
All graded assignments must be turned in no later than Sunday at midnight PT each week
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HCA: 622 Quality Appraisal and Evaluation WEEK ONE ROADMAP

Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Sat/Sun

Themes

Course Overview,
Introductions, Healthcare Quality and the Patient,
Foundation, Processes, Tools
Basic Concepts

Leadership for Quality, Implementing Quality/Patient Safety as a Core Organizational Strategy

Readings
Review Course Outline and read all items under Week One tab
Read Chapters 1, 4, 2, 14, 16 in required text

Film Festivals

Discussion
Questions
Complete DQ1 Student Introductions

Complete DQ2

Exercise

Reflection Journal #1

Reflection Journal #2

Assessments

Complete Quiz #1

Case Studies

Introduce Week Two Paper

Plan for Week Two Paper

Course project

Introduce Project

Each week in Blackboard, you will see that weeks roadmap.

This provides you basic information about due dates and assignments and is a valuable tool.
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Refection Journal
One of the most important ways that we learn, in our course work, is from one another.
What is a Refection Journal?
A reflection journal is a personal record of a student’s learning experiences. It is a space where you can record and reflect upon your observations and responses to what you are reading and hearing, which can then be used to explore and analyze how these learnings will affect you in your role today and in your role as a future leader.
Following each of the lecture sessions, as you participate or watch the recording, reflect on what you believe were the key take-aways from that session and the chapters associated with it.

The Reflection Journal give you an opportunity to reflect on the most important concepts and take-aways for you.

Use this an opportunity to reflect on what you think are the most important ideas to help you as you move forward in your leadership role.

There is no right or wrong answer here, and you may review and respond to your classmates on their reflections.

This should provide a good leadership take-away for you at the end of the course.
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HCA 622 Grades

Assignment
Grade percent

Exercises (Reflection Journals)
10%

Respond to 2 written discussion threads (including at least 2 responses to another student post for each DQ)
20%

Weekly Quizzes (Weeks 1 3)
15%

Final
20%

Week Two Case Study

15%

Complete Course Project TBA
20%

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Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

As found in the course outline, these are the breakdown of the assignments and points.
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How to excel in discussion threads
Read the question/s carefully and make sure you have addressed all of them
Incorporate your opinions and reflection
Check for basic grammar, spelling and punctuation
Focus on quality vs. quantity, however a quality response will typically average between 200-250 words
Use complete sentences, APA format
Use at least one outside resource (besides the book) for your initial DQ
Add references when citing sources
Do not use an attachment for your response. Copy and paste from Word if you need to work outside BB.
Respond to at least 2 other student posts for each DQ
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Discussion Boards!
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

Not comprehensive only cover the material discussed that week
Open up on Friday morning and available until Sunday evening 12 midnight PT
10 questions all T/F or multiple choice, (with the exception of the final)
Once you start, you have 60 minutes
HCA 622 Weekly Quizzes
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Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

Extra Credit Opportunity (Optional)

Extra Credit (5 Points)
Read the book Why Hospitals Should Fly
Prepare a 7-10 minutes Power Point presentation that addresses the following:
For a future health care leader, what are the three most important concepts that the book presents?
Justify why you chose these three concepts.
What are your lessons learned from the book?
Your presentation will be posted on Blackboard for your classmates to see!
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

Questions?
Please let your instructor know if you have questions!

Lets get started!
21

Introduction
This session provides a broad overview of quality and patient safety in healthcare, why they are so important and an introduction to the key concepts that we will explore during our course work.

Week One
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press
CHAPTER 1
Health Care Quality/Patient Safety and the Patient
CHAPTER 4
Quality Improvement: The Foundation, Processes, Tools and Knowledge Transfer
CHAPTER 2
Basic Concepts of Healthcare Quality/Patient Safety
CHAPTER 14
Leadership for Quality
CHAPTER 15
Implementing Quality as a Core Organizational Strategy

These are the chapters that we will review for our first week together.

It is important to read your text, as I will be highlighting key concepts.
22

Everything Ties Together!
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press
You are Quality champions!

Especially LEADERS!

Two key foundational concepts to keep in mind as we begin our work are:

As you each aspire to engage a role in leadership, or expand your current role, each leader is responsible for the quality, safety and services for their areas of responsibility; and

Key Concept!

Quality/Patient Safety
How can we say that we provide quality care
if we are harming people?

We can not talk about quality without including patient safety. How can we say that we have quality of care if patients are experiencing medical errors?

Chapter 1: Healthcare Quality and the Patient
Chapter Outline
The current State of Healthcare: Five Important Reports
The Urgent Need to Improve Healthcare Quality
To Err Is Human
Crossing the Quality Chasm
National Healthcare Quality Report
National Priorities and Goals
The Institute of Medicines Six Aims for Improvement
Copyright 2014 Health Administration Press
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The Current State of Health Care
We begin our work with a reflection on the current state of healthcare and some of the key influences for how we approach quality/patient safety today.

Beginning in 1998, a series of reports from the Institute of Medicine and other sources identified profound opportunities for improvement throughout the U.S. Healthcare System.

The Institutes reports, To Err is Human in 2000, and Crossing the Quality Chasm in 2001, set the stage for vast array of changes in health care addressing the need for improvement.

Key Reports in the Quality/Patient Safety Journey
Five major reports identify gaps and call for action:
The National Roundtable on Health Care Qualitys The Urgent Need to Improve Health Care Quality (1998)
The Institute of Medicines (IOM) To Err Is Human (2000)
IOMs Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001)
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Qualitys (AHRQ) National Healthcare Quality Report (20032011)
National Priorities Partners’ (NPP) National Priorities and Goals (2008)

The Current State of Healthcare:
Quality and Patient Safety
Modern medical care is complex, expensive, and at times dangerous.
Across the world, hospital patients are harmed 9.2% of the time, with death occurring in 7.4% of these events.
Furthermore, it is estimated that 43.5% of these harm events are preventable (de Vries et al., 2008; Landrigan et al., 2010).

We start by exploring the current state of health care in the U.S today and compared to the rest of the world.

The following facts show where we are today:
The 3rd lead leading cause of death in the U.S. is medical errors (after heart disease and cancer) ;
Across the world, patients are harmed 9.2% of the time with death occurring in 7.4% of the events;
It is estimated that 43.5% of these harm events are preventable; and
Although the U.S. spends the most per capita per patient of any low- or middle-income country, we rank 33/36 for infant mortality and 28/36 for life expectancy.

The Current State of Healthcare:
Cost of U.S. Healthcare
The U.S. Healthcare system is much more expensive, but not significantly better than other healthcare systems around the world (Leonhardt 2009)
The U.S. spends more per capita for health care than any other country, yet ranks 33/36 in infant mortality, 28/36 in life expectancy, with Americans less satisfied with their care than the English, Canadians or Germans (United Health Foundation, 2018)
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

Making the Case for Error Prevention
The Human Cost
Between 2.9% to 3.7% of all hospitalized patients experience an adverse medical event each year.
-53% – 58% are attributable to errors
-27% – 29% are attributable to negligence
-Between 8.8% to 13.6% of these events result in death.
-Most result in disability lasting up to 6 months
Source: To Err is Human Institute of Medicine, 12/99

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) is an independent, nonprofit organization that works outside of government to provide unbiased and authoritative advice to decision makers and the public. Established in 1970, the IOM is the health arm of the National Academy of Sciences, which was chartered under President Abraham Lincoln in 1863.
Nearly 150 years later, the National Academy of Sciences has expanded into what is collectively known as The National Academies, which comprises the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the National Research Council, and the IOM.
As we reflect back on the data from the first To Err is Human report, it is important to note that these original numbers for both quality and cost were an underestimation.

Making the Case for Error Prevention
The Financial Cost
Medical errors cost the nation $17 – $29 billion
-Over 50% in direct healthcare costs
Medication errors alone can increase average hospital costs approximately $4,700 per admission
-That extrapolates to about $2 billion for the nation as a whole
Medication errors in Nursing Homes cost about $3.6 billion

Source: To Err is Human Institute of Medicine, 12/99

Why is this Important for Our Future Health Care Leaders – YOU?
3rd leading cause of death in the U.S. – more people die from medical errors than from breast cancer or AIDS or motor vehicle accidents
7 out of 100 admissions experience a preventable medication errors

Our true purpose
Sorrel King

This problem is unlike cancer or AIDS or
other epidemics, where we must wait
for a scientific breakthrough in order to save lives.

The Face of Quality/Patient Safety

You were asked to review the video in Week One on the Josie King Story, the true story of the death of an eighteen-month-old child because of a series of medical errors at one of the most prestigious hospitals in the country, John Hopkins.

It is very important to put a face on our discussion as we move forward. These are not just numbers, but lives lost and families destroyed.

How does this impact you?

This could be your baby or Mom or brother!
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

Each of us will experience health care as a patient, or the mother, or sister, or the son of a patient at some point in our lives.

This course spells out how you, as a future health care leader, can make a difference in these numbers.

IOMs
To Err Is Human
Captured the attention of key stakeholders for the first time
Framed the problem in a way everyone could understand
Led to the identification of patient safety as a solidifying force for policymakers, regulators, providers, and consumers

Setting the Aims
In the year 2000, when the first IOM report was published, it shown a light on the existence of medical errors, their numbers and costs.
34

The Big Bang of CQI
Institute of Medicine
To Err is Human (2000)
Crossing The Quality Chasm (2001)
Data already know, but these report galvanized the press, the public, professional groups and regulators
Increased demands for accountability and professional responsibility
Transfer of concerns from managerial responses, to across the board responsibility

The next report provided a path to begin to address these issues and has provided a path to the current state of how the U.S. is addressing them.

IOMs
Crossing the Quality Chasm
Offers a new framework for a redesigned US healthcare system
Identifies six aims for improvement:
Safe
Effective
Efficient
Timely
Patient centered
Equitable

The IOMs framework addressed six aims for quality and safety to include: care that is safe, effective, efficient, timely, patient-centered and equitable.

These aims have been adopted here and throughout the world.

The framework has provided us a way to begin to address the need for improvements in care and service, and we will be exploring the use of this framework, quality model and tools use as well as examples throughout our work together.

IOMs Six Aims for Improvement

Aim
Definition

Safe
Care should be as safe for patients in healthcare facilities as in their homes.

Effective
The science and evidence behind healthcare should be applied and serve as standards in the delivery of care.

Efficient
Care and service should be cost-effective, and waste should be removed from the system.

Timely
Patients should experience no waits or delays when receiving care and service.

Patient centered
The system of care should revolve around the patient, respect patient preferences, and put the patient in control.

Equitable
Unequal treatment should be a fact of the past; disparities in care should be eradicated.

NPPs National Priorities and Goals
Partnership (2008)
Focused on national performance improvement efforts that address four major challenges:
Eliminating harm, eradicating disparities, reducing disease burden, and removing waste
Highlights primary strategies that drive care improvement:
Performance measurement
Public reporting
Payment systems
Research and knowledge dissemination
Professional development
System capacity
Copyright 2014 Health Administration Press
38
This is the Affordable Care Act
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

Another critical report was the genesis of what we know today as the Accountable Care Act, which we will review in depth during the course.
38

The Four Levels of the Healthcare System
The underlying framework for achieving the IOMs Six Aims for Improvement depicts the healthcare system in four levels, all of which require changes.
Copyright 2014 Health Administration Press
39

The IOMs framework provides a structured way to review and understand our key systems and microsystems in health care.

It is always important to note that everything in quality and safety begins with the patient!
39

Case Study: Reducing Surgery-Related Mortality
and Complications
University of Washington Medical Center
Problem: Great variation in surgical quality across and within institutions
Solution: Implement a surgical checklist
Copyright 2014 Health Administration Press
40

We will be reviewing examples of evidence-based best practices and studies throughout the course work.
40

Conclusion
Healthcare Quality/Patient Safety are not what they should be.
The patient is paramount in quality improvement efforts.
There is promising evidence of the capacity for significant improvement.
Many examples of breakthrough improvements are happening today.
Call to action for all healthcare leaders/stakeholders to continue to rethink and redesign systems.
Copyright 2014 Health Administration Press
41
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

We have stated our case that we have work to do this course will provide you a framework, concepts and tools to move forward with this work in your current and future leadership roles.
41

Questions?
Contact your professor for questions!

Chapter 4: Quality Improvement: Foundation, Processes, Tools and Knowledge Transfer Techniques
Chapter Outline

The Quality Foundation
Quality Improvement Processes and Approaches
Quality Tools
Knowledge Transfer and Spread Techniques
Case Study
Conclusion

History of Health Care Quality

Before we begin our work drilling down on the models, tools and techniques, it is helpful to review the history of the current quality/patient safety models and their history and origin.

A bit of history!

The health care quality model that is currently in use has its origins in industrial quality.
A focus on the quality of products or services has been a part of the industry model since its inception. However, a quiet revolution in how industry, and then health care viewed and addressed quality began in the early 1930s in the U.S.; and then radically changed following the expansion of this early model into Japan after the second world war.
Following the second world war, the U.S. sent a group of engineers, who had started this CQI work in the U.S., to Japan to help them rebuild their industry. Led by Dr. Edward Deming and others, these concepts were implemented in Japanese industry and aggressively improved.
After the 20 years of aggressive pursuit of these CQI concepts, in the early 1980s, the U.S. found that their products were being overtaken by the superior quality of the products from Japanese industry whether it was automobiles or computers.
The U.S. then invited Dr. Deming and other quality leaders working in the U.S. and Japan, to introduce the CQI model and tools to U.S industry.
Following successful implementations in a number of key industries, the health care industry, as a major vendor to industry for the health care of their workers, was challenged to implement this model in health care.

Creating a Mind Set

Demings Major Quality Goals
Customer awareness
(Delight the customer)
Patients
Physicians
Employees
Payors
Process awareness (system)
Process focus/data is key!
-Complex processes cause problems, not
people
Use P.I. tools to understand your process
Continuously improve your process
Knowledge of variation
People awareness
Leadership
Resistance to change
Teamwork
Opportunity to participate people doing the work
Training and support
46

Dr. Demings Model

We will be exploring thes Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) concepts, the model and the tools throughout this course.

This is a broad set of key organizational and leadership actions that may be called, Dr. Demings three-legged stool. For those of you not familiar with a three-legged stool, it is a stool built to hold a huge amount of weight by the placement of the three legs (known as a milk stool!). If any one leg is missing the stool will not stand up.

The broad definition of the three legs or core concepts, which we will study in depth are:
1) Customer awareness starting always with what is important to the customer and seeking to meet or exceed their expectations;

2) Process awareness the concept that all work can be broken down into steps and then improved with the use of data and statistical tools; and lastly

3) People awareness, which includes the role of leadership in establishing a safe environment for all staff to be a part of the planning and improvement processes.

Definition of CQI
Continuous Quality Improvement
CQI is defined as a structured organizational process for involving personnel in planning and executing a continuous flow of improvements to provide quality health care that meets or exceeds expectations

Key Definitions and Concepts of CQI

What began as quality assurance, conforming to specifications or having a product that meets predefined standards, moved to CQI which is defined as a structured organizational process involving personnel in planning a continuous flow of improvements to provide quality health care that meets or exceeds expectations.

One of the key foundation pieces in this structure is that of leadership support, which is why this is a key foundation piece for future leaders.

Institutional Improvement

The focus here is on a defined structure and the continuous improvement of all aspects of how care is provided.

Key Definitions
1 – care better than we have ever seen, 2 – health better than we have ever known, 3 – cost we can all afford, for every person, every time.
IHI (2007)

According to Dr. Donald Berwick, a noted U.S. quality/patient safety leader, improving quality has three aims:

(1) Improving the experience of care;

(2) Improving the health of populations, and

(3) Reducing the cost of health care. (The triple aim: Care, health, and cost: Berwick et.al, 2008: 759).

The triple aims are core to the quality/patient safety model and will be reviewed and referenced throughout our course work.

Characteristics of CQI
a link to key elements of the organizations strategic plan;
a quality council made up of the institutions top leadership;
training programs for personnel;
mechanisms for selecting improvement opportunities;
formation of process improvement teams;

staff support for process analysis and redesign;
personnel policies that motivate and support staff participation in process improvement;
application of the most current and rigorous techniques of the scientific method and statistical process control.

Which do your think are the most important?
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

Core Characteristics of CQI
We have already presented the three-legged stool.

In addition, CQI is tied to the key strategies of the organization; is led by organizational leadership; is focused on utilizing the knowledge of all staff at all levels to include training on the tools and concepts; provides time, resources and support in identifying and improving key processes; is data driven, customer focused and has a specific structure and tool kit.

Functions of CQI
Empowering all staff to participate in CQI;
Valuing and responding to customer preferences;
Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach;
Establishing mechanisms to support best practices through planned organizational learning;
Providing motivation for a rational, data-based, cooperative approach to CQI.
Copyright 2011 Health Administration Press

The key functions of quality are reflected above and we will look at each in-depth.

Assignment 1

300 words. I attached the Instructions and some samples.

2a Current News and Event 2a Due 9/14/2020 by 11:59pm
99 unread replies.1010 replies.

Class Participation – Discussion Forum- Current News and Event
Please review the Class Participation Policy located in the Course Essentials section of the syllabus for this course.Learners are expected to have weekly interaction with the Faculty Mentor as well as with other Learners through class participation in the Class Discussion Forum.Learners must post to the Course Discussion Forum at least once each week.The post should be a direct response to the topic for the week and include a brief commentary on other classmates’ posts. Your post must be substantial and thoughtful and be a minimum of 300 words. You should write your post in Word to track your word count and then copy and paste it into the discussion forum space in the Canvas shell.

Each Learner will research current news and events about negotiations and prepare a short discussion of a current event article on an issue in Negotiations that is related to this week’s reading of the course.Your class participation assignment is to select the news item and discuss it with the class via the Class Participation Forum.

Discuss a news item or event that has arisen within the past month that has relevance to this course.Include the following:
oTopic
oDate
oSource may include radio, television, newspaper, internet, etc.
oSummary of the news item
oConclusions or commentary about relevance to the content of this course Sample 1

The negotiation that has recently been roaming around is the negotiation of a salary increase or even a salary agreement when applying to new jobs. The date that this source was updated was August 23, 2022. The seed that I found was on the internet. 59% of American employees did not negotiate their salary gender plays a role of the one in 10 U.S employees who deal and successfully get a raise; men are three times more successful than women, and asking for a raise or negotiating your salary at a new job can seem daunting, but some tricks and tactics can help you go into it more confidently. Negotiating the salary is difficult, significantly when you are underpaid or overpaid as per the industry standard. Some common pitfalls are overrating yourself and your skills, Underestimating yourself and your skills, Balancing fixed and variable pay, not being able to gauge non-monetary perks, and asking for too much and beyond industry limits, Settling beyond an average out of fear of losing the job. Checking and evaluating yourself is an excellent way to discuss and negotiate the salary. Your skills, study the industry standard and what you are being paid off today, compare it with your last withdrawn salary, and then ask for a little hike per the requirement that suits the company and your needs. Strategy is when one can meet his own need without negotiation, he may not negotiate. Suppose you are getting an offer to buy one and get one free. In that case, you may not feel about negotiating, or if you getting an Employment opportunity from is a top brand company, you may not feel like dealing on salary terms off amenities and Goodwill are too Good. For Instance, If you are bargaining for the price of the Goods and the seller didn’t cut down the cost but increased the quantity for you, here is a win-win situation. If the negotiator doesn’t do the change secretly, this change should be clearly defined not to harm trustworthiness.

Sample 2

For my current event that involves negotiation, I chose to focus on teachers in Seattle Washington and their decision to stop striking after landing a new deal with their school district. According to Darryl Coote of UPI news as of September 13th, “Seattle teachers voted Tuesday to end their strike after their union reached a tentative agreement on a new contract with Washington state’s largest school district a night earlier.” (Coote, intro sentence). I believe that this is some noteworthy news because it is a great example and very representative of what negotiations are all about. The fate of negotiations often impacts many people in and around the problem at hand, and in this case, it caused children to get a late start on their school year and it sets them behind from many other kids who did not have to miss school due to active negotiations between the district and the teachers. Thankfully, the negotiations between the two parties settled rather quickly, allowing for children and teachers alike to be able to focus on the school year. It is also good to look at from the perspective of someone trying to run a business because it can show both the payoffs and the consequences of negotiating and in a way reiterates that peaceful and cooperative negotiations are the best way to go to prevent things from going sour. This is an example of negotiations going well and working out for all parties involved, as opposed to a negative example of negotiations such as negotiations between athletes and their respective sports leagues. The metrics set for the negotiations were based off of finances and quality of life, and in the end, everyone got their metrics fulfilledto the best of their ability.
Source:
Seattle teachers vote to lift strike after tentative deal reached with district (msn.com) Can you work outside with me? If you are interested, post an attachment with your email and whatsapp no, I will message you.

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